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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definition of Poliomyelitis
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Inflammation of the spinal cord
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Why has polio been eradicated from N. and S. America along with many European countries?
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Salk Polio vaccine
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S/S of Polio
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fever, headache, sore throat, GI complaints
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How is Polio transmitted?
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Ingestion- via water contaminated with feces
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Map out the pathogenesis of Polio
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ingestion->multiplication in throat and small intestine->invasion of tonsils and lymph nodes->blood->CNS->affinity for vental horn cells in upper spinal cord->viral replication->death of the cell->death of cell-> paralysis
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Polio does not infect:
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peripheral nerves of muscles
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What kind of disease is Rabies and what does it result in?
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Acute; fatal encephalitis
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Rabies is a disease communicable from animals to humans or:
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zoonosis
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How is rabies transmitted?
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bite of infected animal, or virus present in scratches can enter small scratches.
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Name another way that rabies can be transmitted.
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crosses intact mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and eyes
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Map out pathogenesis for rabies:
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virus introduced->replicates in muscle->virion enters peripheral nervous system->replicates in dorsal ganglia->CNS
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What does the incubation period of rabies depend on?
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infecting dose and inoculation site
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What is the range of incubation time for rabies?
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1 week to a year
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S/S of Rabies during Prodromal Phase:
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flu-like symptoms, nervousness, depression, and partial paralysis near bite site
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S/S of Rabies during Excitation phase:
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loss of muscle function, impaired speech and vision, extreme anxiety and apprehension, remains awake and alert.
hydrophobia- R/T pharengeal muscle spasm. |
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S/S of Rabies during Paralytic phase
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fading conciousnes->death
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Is there a treatment for rabies?
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Yes. vaccination of HDCV- human diploid cell vaccination
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How is Rabies Dx?
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Negri bodies bodies or clusters of viruses in neurons of infected animals
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What pathology do Arboviruses cause?
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Encephalitis
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What do all Arboviruses share in common?
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they are all arthropod borne- mosquito
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What are the main reseviors for Arboviruses?
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horses and birds
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When do epidemics of Arboviruses occur?
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during the summer when mosquito populations are high.
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What is an initial indication of of clincal encephalitis?
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disturbed brain function
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What are the initial S/S and late S/S of encephalitis?
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I-fever, headache, stiff neck
L-confusion, paralysis, convulsions, and sleepiness that may lead to a coma. |
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How is Encephalitis Dx?
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lumbar puncture reveals few hundred leukocytes per mm^3 in CSF, but no infectious organisms
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What is the biggest clue to etiology of encephalitis?
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case history
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How do you prevent encephalitis?
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eradicating mosquito vector
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When was the West Nile Virus identified in the US?
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1999
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How far has the West Nile Virus spread in the U.S. and what is it considered?
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east to west coast, endemic
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Are most cases of West Nile Virus mild or harsh?
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mild
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What can West Nile Virus cause?
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paralysis, and fatal encephalitis
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