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61 Cards in this Set
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Nat Turner's Revolt |
1831; Slaves wanted freedom; Nat Turner saw "vision" and attacked whites in Southampton County. Turner caught; he was executed & hundreds of slaves were punished; Frightened South; Tightened slave codes; Restricted freedom for all blacks in South; South began to aggressively defend slavery as "positive good" |
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The slave family |
Slaves had strong family bonds. Children and spouses often separated by sell. Southern law did not recognize slave marriage as legally binding nor did it allow slave parents to have complete authority over their children |
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Frederick Douglass
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Influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845.
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Slave culture and religion |
god gave them faith that they would someday live in freedom. Through their families, religion, folklore, and music, as well as more direct forms of resistance, Africans-Americans resisted the debilitating effects of slavery and created a vital culture supportive of human dignity
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Dueling documents: Mistresses and house servants |
Mary Boykin Chesnut, a plantation misstress, compares the conduct of antislavery advocates with that of her mother, grandmother, and mother in law. Harriet Ann Jacobs describes the mistress of the plantation where she had been enslaved |
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southern womanhood |
Young women in the south were not expected to do much. Once they married, however, they worked on the plantation keeping the slaves in check, cooking, cleaning, and had a multitude of other duties |
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Manifest destiny |
The belief that Americans had the right and the duty to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
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Causes of the US Mexican war |
Mexico and US dispute what the Southern border of Texas is. Slidell's rejection- Mexico rejects our attempt to purchase the land. We station troops south of the Nueces river-Mexico fires at our troops-war breaks out
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Battle of Palo Alto |
first battle of the Mexican War. Fought on May 8th, 1846. American General Zachary Taylor. Mexican General was Mariano Arista. Mexicans started to be hostile on Texas soil, so Americans declared war.
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Battle of Resaca de la Palma |
a battle between Taylor and Arista. It was very similar to the Battle of Palo Alto. The Americans once again used grape shots and ruined the Mexican army. It was the 2nd American victory.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
this ended the Mexican War. It also required the following to be annexed to the US: Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Oregon, Utah, and the border of Texas was the Rio Grande.
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Effects of the US Mexico war |
Mexico was forced to give up vast territory to the United States. California became a state |
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Antonio lopez de santa anna |
Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)
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Gadsden Purchase |
1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.
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Harriet B. Stowe |
A nineteenth-century American author best known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, a powerful novel that inflamed sentiment against slavery.
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Dueling Documents: In what country did the US Mexican war begin? |
When president polk insisted that mexico had shed american blood upon american soil his critics demanded proof. everyone acknowledged that the initial clash occurred just north f the Rio grande but did the boundary of Texas extend to the Rio grande as polk insisted or only to the nueces river as had been internationally recognized before the Texas rebellion |
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Causes for Texas Independence |
Texas wanted to be able to have slaves and they wanted representatives in the Mexican government
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push and pull factors of mass immigration |
Push factors: Persecution for Russian Jews. Economic collapse and starvation for southern Italians Pull factors: Dream of improving lives |
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uncle tom's cabin |
A novel, first published serially, by Harriet Beecher Stowe; it paints a grim picture of life under slavery. The title character is a pious, passive slave, who is eventually beaten to death by the overseer Simon Legree.
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the compromise of 1850 |
Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession
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the Wilmot Proviso |
Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War, but southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847. It Failed.
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popular sovereignty |
The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government
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the Election of 1844 |
Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state
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the Election of 1848 |
won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party and former President Martin Van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party
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the kansas-Nebraska Act |
was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.
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Whig party |
It originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson (in office 1829–37) and his Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking and economic protectionism to stimulate manufacturing
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New Republic party |
N/A |
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the election of 1856 |
Democrats nominated Buchanan, Republicans nominated Fremont, and Know-Nothings chose Fillmore. Buchanan won due to his support of popular sovereignty
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The Dred Scott Case |
Sandford, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 1857, ruled (7–2) that a slave (Dred Scott) who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States; and that
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Lincoln-Douglas debates |
A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. One of the two won these debates, but the other's position in these debates helped him win in the 1860 presidential election.
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John Brown's Raid |
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was an effort by white abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
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the Election of 1860 |
election had these candidates: Stephen Douglas (northern Democrat), John C. Beckinridge (southern Democrat), Lincoln (Republican), John Bell (Constitutional Union)- Lincoln wins.
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Dueling Documents: Slavery and secession |
The two highest offices in the confederacy provide contrasting opinions on slavery's relation to the civil war. The first Alexander Stephens delivered his remarks (which came to be known as the cornerstone speech) in Savannah, Georgia shortly after being elected vice president of the new government Jefferson Davis president f the confederacy published his reflection after the war |
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Jefferson Davis |
Jefferson Davis was the President of the Southern Confederate States from 1860 to 1865 after their succession from the Union. During this time, Davis struggled to form a solid government for the states to be governed by. Jefferson Davis worked hard with solidating the civil government and carrying out military operations |
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ironclads |
a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates used in the early part of the second half of the 19th century
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Robert E. Lee |
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865
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Ulysses S. Grant |
A general and political leader of the nineteenth century. He became commanding general of the Union army during the Civil War. He accepted the unconditional surrender of the commanding general of the main Confederate army, Robert E. Lee, at Appomattox Court House. A Republican, he later became president
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"a rich man's war and a poor man's fight" |
While rich men bought their way out of military service, poor men were being drafted to fight the war
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Blacks in the Civil war |
The black soldiers were segregated into all-colored units. They initially received lower pay than white soldiers. They were disproportionately assigned to labor rather than combat.
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the emancipation proclamation |
After victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. Aimed to injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten its dread, hurt its morale
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George McClellan |
General who was given command of the Army of the Potomac. A brilliant, thirty-four year old West Pointer. He was a superb organizer and drillmaster, and he injected splendid morale into the Army of the Potomac. He consistently believed that the enemy outnumbered him. He was overcautious and he addressed the president in an arrogant tone. He fought against General Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days' Battle
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Dueling Documents: Invaders and Defenders |
William Christie was a union soldier and Nancy Emerson a confederate |
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the assassination of Lincoln |
Shortly after reelection and end of war, Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theater.
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effects of the Civil war |
More Americans died then in all other wars combined. While slavery was not officially outlawed until the passage of the 13th amendment, the slaves were set free upon the end of the war.
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Thaddeus Stevens |
Regarded the seceded states as conquered provinces, promoted much of the major reconstruction legislation, including the fourteenth amendment. A Radical Republican in the HOR, a friend of the blacks and defended the runaway slaves in court without fee and was buried in a black cemetery.
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"Jim Crow" laws |
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites, Jim Crow laws were state and local laws passed from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the mid-1950s by which white southerners reasserted their dominance by denying African Americans basic social, economic, and civil rights, such as the right to vote.- A white actor called himself Jim Crow, used black face make - up and mimicked/ mocked - how freed Southern Slaves acted. Today this is seen as racist behavior.
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Freedmen's Bureau |
The first kind of primitive welfare agency used to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education to freedman and to white refugees.First to establish school for blacks to learn to read.
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Ku Klux Klan |
devoted to terrorizing and intimidating African Americans and their white Republican allies. Beat and murdered freedpeople and intimidated voters and silenced political activists
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Black codes |
The Black Codes were laws passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves the complete civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to plantations and impoverished lifestyles.
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carpetbaggers |
derogatory term used for northern people who came to the south for good (humanitarian) and bad (escape the law, win elections for Republicans, take advantage of gullible ex-slaves) reasons during Reconstruction; used a lot because of suspicious critics of Republican administrations in the South; many carpetbaggers joined with blacks and some whites to form progressive Republican governments |
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scalawags |
a term for a southern white in the post-civil war era that supported reconstruction. |
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the election of 1876 |
Republican Rutherford B. Hayes went up against Democrat Samuel Tilden, who had the support of the South. Hayes lost popular vote to Tilden, and both candidates claimed electoral votes in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. Congress set up a special commission to resolve the crisis. Hayes is president
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the toll of total war |
N/A |
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anaconda plan |
was originally developed by General Winfield Scott prior to the Civil War. It was part of a grand plan designed to control the seceding states. Blockade the Ocean, and Mississippi, cut the south in two
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sherman's march to the sea |
Sherman's march from Atlanta to South Carolina, he and his army applied a total warfare, scorched earth policy that led over a million dollars in damage and crushed the south
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Clara Barton |
Nurse during the civil war who organized the Red Cross and became president of the American branch of the society
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women in the civil war |
Plant & harvest crops. In North, women worked in factories. In South took over men's roles in government and teaching. Were nurses in military hospitals. Some fought on battlefields, disguised as men. |
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the first modern civil war |
because it was the first war where widespread use of mechanized and electrified devices like railroad trains, aerial observation, telegraph, photography, torpedoes, mines, ironclad ships and rifles occurred.
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Juan Cortina |
Juan cortina, who operated a ranch near Brownsville, believed Tejanos were being treated unfairly. He argued that some Anglo Americans had taken land from Tejanos who were unfamiliar with the U.S court system.Cortina resisted the growing power of Anglo American by carrying out acts of violence against corrupt officials. These actions became known as the cortina war. Cortina'a supporters numbered as many as 400 by the end of 1859. In 1861 he was defeated by confederate captain Santos benavides. His actions left Mexican and Anglo Texans suspicious of each other. Juan cortina was viewed by some as a hero fighting for the rights of Mexican Texans.
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Lincoln Plan of Reconstruction |
The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. It was known as the 10% Plan. |
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Johnson plan of Reconstruction |
Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon.
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