Urinary System Study Guide

Front 1

Glomeruls

Back 1

Formed from capillary network of afferent arterioles.
Blood filtered into Bowman's capsules

Front 2

Proximal convoluted tubule

Back 2

Secetion of H+ into filtrate
Reabsorption of most of electrolytes
Reabsorption of Ca++ under parathormone influence

Front 3

Descending loop of Henle

Back 3

Reabsorption of water without ADH.

Front 4

Ascending loop of Henle

Back 4

Active reabsorption of Cl- and passive reabsorption of Na+

Front 5

Distal convoluted

Back 5

Reabsorption of Na+ in exchange of K+
Reabsorption of bicarbonate
Reabsorption of Ca++ under parathormone influence
Reabsorption of water under ADH influence

Front 6

Gloerular Filtration Rate

Back 6

Is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydro static pressure

Front 7

The primary function of the kidney ______?

Back 7

is to regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid

Front 8

Water

Back 8

is the primary substance reabsorbed in the collecting duct

Front 9

Atrial natiuretic factor (ANF)

Back 9

is secreted by the right atrium when atrial blood pressure is low, and it blocks the action of high ADH

Front 10

Increased premeability in the glomerulus _____?

Back 10

causes loss of proteins into the urine.

Front 11

A patient with an obstruction of the renal artery causing renal ischemia exhibits hypertension. One factor that may contribute to the hypertension is _____?

Back 11

increased renin release

Front 12

A clinical situation in which the increased renal of erythorpoietin would be expected is _____?

Back 12

hypoxemia

Front 13

The sites where urinary stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system are at the _____?

Back 13

ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction

Front 14

The ureteral muscle fiber attachments into the bladder help prevent _____?

Back 14

back flow of urine through the ureterovesical junction

Front 15

The volume of urine in the bladder that usually causes the urge to urinate is _____?

Back 15

200 to 250 ml

Front 16

Total bladder capacity ranges from _______?

Back 16

600 ml to 1000 ml

Front 17

Absorption or leakage of urine wastes out of the urinary system is prevented by ______?

Back 17

the cellular characteristics of the urothelium

Front 18

One factor that contributes to an increased incidence of urinary tract infection in women is _____?

Back 18

the shorter length of the urethra

Front 19

An age related change in the kidney that leads to nocturia in an older adult is ______?

Back 19

decreased ability to concentrate urine.

Front 20

During physical assesment of the urinary system, the nurse _____?

Back 20

percusses the kidney with a firm blow the posterior costovertebral angle.

Front 21

Nocturia

Back 21

frequent urination at night

Front 22

dysuria

Back 22

painful urination

Front 23

Retention

Back 23

inability to void

Front 24

Polyuria

Back 24

large amount of urine output

Front 25

Enuresis

Back 25

Incontinence during sleep

Front 26

Hematuria

Back 26

blood in the urine

Front 27

Oliguria

Back 27

scanty urine output

Front 28

Urgency

Back 28

strong desire to urinate

Front 29

Anuria

Back 29

No urine formation

Front 30

Hesistancy

Back 30

difficulty starting urine stream

Front 31

Pneumaturia

Back 31

urine containing gas

Front 32

Stress incontinence

Back 32

can be caused by sneezing

Front 33

A urinalysis of urine specimen that is not processed within 1 hour may result in erroneous measurement of _____?

Back 33

bacteria

Front 34

Urinalysis results that most likely indicate a urinary tract infection include ______?

Back 34

cloudy, yellow, WBC 50/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts

Front 35

A patient who is being treated with diurectics for retained fluid would be expected to have urine specific gravity of _____?

Back 35

1.002

Front 36

Following a renal arteriogram, it is important that the nurse _____?

Back 36

assess peripheral pulses in the involved leg every 30 to 60 minutes.

Front 37

A patient with an elevated BUN _____?

Back 37

may have nonrenal tissue destruction.

Front 38

The test that is most specific for renal function is the ______?

Back 38

creatinine clearance

Front 39

Following a renal biopsy, it is important that the nurse ______?

Back 39

test urine for microscopic bleeding with a dipstick.

Front 40

Urinalysis

Back 40

first morning speciemen is best

Front 41

Creatinine clearance

Back 41

discard first specimen at start; include voided specimen 24 hrs later

Front 42

Clean catch urine specimen

Back 42

clean meatus before voiding
Have patient void, stop, void in container.
Use sterile container.

Front 43

Residual urine

Back 43

insert catheter immediately after voiding

Front 44

Protein determination

Back 44

use dipstick and read results with color chart

Front 45

Cystoscopy

Back 45

ensure informed consent obtained
Explain postprocedure pink urine normal.

Front 46

Intravenous pyelogram

Back 46

keep patient NPO 8hr before test
***** for iodine sensitivity.

Front 47

Cystometrogram

Back 47

explain that bladder will be filled with water to measure tone and atability

Front 48

Urinary flow study

Back 48

Must start test with full bladder