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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do the kidneys do? What does this in turn regulate and trigger? what are the three structures of the urinary tract, what is their purpose? What does the bladder do?
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The kidneys filter waste products from the bloodstream and convert the filtrate into urine
Regulates blood volume, pH, and can trigger release of erythropoieten and renin to stimulate blood cell production The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are collectively called the urinary tract and used to transport urine out of body The bladder stores urine (up to 1 L) until excretion (micturition) |
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name 4 main structures and locations, followed by 4 less main structures.
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what is each kidney surround by?
What is the outer CT covering of kidney called? |
Each kidney is surrounded by a layer of perirenal fat
The outer CT covering of kidney is the renal capsule |
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What is this? and what does it contain?
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Renal cortex
Outer layer of renal tissue Renal Cortex Contains: Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule |
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What is this? What does it contain?
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Renal medulla
Deep layer of the kidney Contains two parts: Renal columns Renal pyramids |
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What is the picture on the left? what do they contain?
What is the picture on the right? what do they carry? Pyramid + Cortex=__________ |
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What part of the kidney is this structure in?
What are these structure called? What are they and what do they do? |
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What is this system? What is the picture on the left? What is the picture on the right? What is the function of these structures?
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What system is this part of?
What is this structures? and what are their purpose? |
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What is a nephron? Where does intial filtration of plasma occur at? (water and solutes are pushed into____?)
Describe what different portions of nephron receive? what is the purpose? Describe the two types of nephron? what are they called what do they do, what surrounds them? |
The nephron is the functional filtration unit (2.5 million in both kidneys)
Initial filtration of plasma at the glomerulus (water and solutes pushed into corpuscle) Different portions of the nephron receive additional secretions and/or allow for nutrients/solutes to be reabsorbed Two types: Cortical: 80-85%, short nephron loops Juxtamedullary: 15-20%, long nephron loops surrounded by vasa recta |
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What is this?
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glomerulus
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Identify
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capillary of the glomerulus
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identify
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glomerulus
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identify?
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identify
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Proximal convoluted tubule
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identify proximal convoluted tubule? loop of henle? descending and ascending loop? loop? renal corpuscle?
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what are these structure by the arrow?
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nephron loops
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distal convulted tubule?
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which ones are distal convulted? proximal convulted? brush border?
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collecting and papillary ducts?
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what structures are arrow pointing at? what is it?
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identify?
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papillary ducts
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what is this structure and describe it. what is it part of ?where does it extend to and from? what are the three tunics?
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Ureters are 25cm long fibromuscular tubes, urinary tract.
Extend from renal pelvis to posterolateral wall at the base of the urinary bladder Three concentric tunics in wall of ureters; from innermost to outermost: Mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia |
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what structure is this? where is postioned, how is it shaped?
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urinary bladder
Positioned immediately superior and posterior to the pubic symphysis and is a retroperitoneal organ The urinary bladder is shaped like an upside-down pyramid when empty; when full, it is distended superiorly and oval-shaped |
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in the bladder what are the two posterior openings ? what IUO controlled by?
What directs urine into the urethral orifice as the bladder wall contracts? What are the three tunics of the bladder? |
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what is this structure and where does it go, where does it exits, and what splinchter controls it, what muscle is it composed of?
in females whrere does it go and empty into? |
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male urethra overview explain it.
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18-20cm long common passageway for both urine and semen
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what structure is this? be specific
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Prostatic urethra
Through prostate gland |
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what structure is this? be specific
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Membranous urethra
Through urogenital diaphragm |
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what structure is this? be specific
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Spongy urethra
In the corpus spongiosum of the penis Ends at external urethral orifice |
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What is this? what are those stones? what are they made of? what causes them? how do you fix them?
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what are medical treatments and things the do to anaylize urinary system? 3 of them.
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Urinalysis: analysis of volume, physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine
Dialysis: Utilizes selectively permeable membranes and solution to diffuse metabolites from the blood through a machine Diuretics: slow renal absorption; used to treat hypertension |