Abstract The urinary tract which includes the kidneys, plays an important role in regulating blood volume, water volume, and concentration of salts in the body. Analyzing urine samples can give a lot of information about the health of the body and kidneys by evaluating characteristics such as pH, color, volume, and specific gravity. These measurements can indicate problems with the body and are very easy to measure. In this experiment, we take 6 collections of urine, 1 every 20 minutes, and conduct these tests to analyze the effects that certain liquids have on urine. We split up the class into groups that drank water, water with exercise, coffee, and V8. We predicted that the urine of those who drank just water and exercised would have the
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They take things like excess salts, toxins, and urea out of the blood and out of the body. Urea is a nitrogen-based waste that is a byproduct of cell metabolism (Simerville & Pahira 2005). The kidneys’ main function is to regulate blood volume, water volume, concentration of inorganic salts, pH of plasma, and concentration of waste products through its role in the urinary tract. The urinary tract is extremely important because it prevents the buildup of waste materials and extra fluid in the body as well as keeping levels of electrolytes stable. The parts of the urinary tract are the kidneys, ureters, and the bladder. The kidneys filter around 120-150 quarts of blood and produce around 1-2 quarts of urine every day (Lynch & Wein 2014). The ureters, thin tubes of muscle one both sides of the bladder, carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is where urine is stored until it can be voided. The amount of urine produced depends on factors such as the volume of liquids and food consumed, the amount of liquid lost through sweating, and certain substances found in specific foods that either promote or retract urination (Healthline Medical Team …show more content…
Urine can be evaluated by its macroscopic contents as well as its physical appearance which can indicate health problems such as dehydration, infection, liver disease, breakdown of muscle, low calcium levels, and more (Nabili 2016). In our experiment we tested for color, pH, specific gravity, and volume. Urine color can indicate multiple things. In a healthy specimen, color simply indicates the level of hydration. A darker urine would indicate that the patient is dehydrated, or in other words, the kidneys are retaining water from being excreted because it is needed in the body. Color can also indicate problems like hematuria, which is a red color caused by blood in the urine, liver disease, which is indicated by a tea-colored urine, and breakdown of muscle, which is indicated by an orange or tea-colored urine (Nabili 2016). Specific gravity is another important measurement in urine analysis which indicates the ionic concentration of the urine, and a normal SG would be 1.005-1.030. SG provides information on the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. An SG out of the normal range could indicate diabetes, renal failure, heart failure, and more (Ghadban 2014). Urine pH is another important measure of health in an analysis. pH may range from 4.5 to 8. Urine becomes more acidic as more sodium and acid are retained by the body, and excretion of an
They take things like excess salts, toxins, and urea out of the blood and out of the body. Urea is a nitrogen-based waste that is a byproduct of cell metabolism (Simerville & Pahira 2005). The kidneys’ main function is to regulate blood volume, water volume, concentration of inorganic salts, pH of plasma, and concentration of waste products through its role in the urinary tract. The urinary tract is extremely important because it prevents the buildup of waste materials and extra fluid in the body as well as keeping levels of electrolytes stable. The parts of the urinary tract are the kidneys, ureters, and the bladder. The kidneys filter around 120-150 quarts of blood and produce around 1-2 quarts of urine every day (Lynch & Wein 2014). The ureters, thin tubes of muscle one both sides of the bladder, carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is where urine is stored until it can be voided. The amount of urine produced depends on factors such as the volume of liquids and food consumed, the amount of liquid lost through sweating, and certain substances found in specific foods that either promote or retract urination (Healthline Medical Team …show more content…
Urine can be evaluated by its macroscopic contents as well as its physical appearance which can indicate health problems such as dehydration, infection, liver disease, breakdown of muscle, low calcium levels, and more (Nabili 2016). In our experiment we tested for color, pH, specific gravity, and volume. Urine color can indicate multiple things. In a healthy specimen, color simply indicates the level of hydration. A darker urine would indicate that the patient is dehydrated, or in other words, the kidneys are retaining water from being excreted because it is needed in the body. Color can also indicate problems like hematuria, which is a red color caused by blood in the urine, liver disease, which is indicated by a tea-colored urine, and breakdown of muscle, which is indicated by an orange or tea-colored urine (Nabili 2016). Specific gravity is another important measurement in urine analysis which indicates the ionic concentration of the urine, and a normal SG would be 1.005-1.030. SG provides information on the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. An SG out of the normal range could indicate diabetes, renal failure, heart failure, and more (Ghadban 2014). Urine pH is another important measure of health in an analysis. pH may range from 4.5 to 8. Urine becomes more acidic as more sodium and acid are retained by the body, and excretion of an