Unit One

Front 1

Used the sun to estimate Earth's circumference, first used the word geography

Back 1

Eratosthenes

Front 2

Created early maps that contained many errors

Back 2

Ptolemy

Front 3

Name of the map that Muhammad Al Idrisi made for the king of Sicily

Back 3

Check pp

Front 4

Collaborated and combined knowledge from various cultures to make a more complete and singular world view

Back 4

Ibn-Battuta

Front 5

Build colleges to teach navigation and geography for better ships

Back 5

Prince Henry the Navigator

Front 6

Created a clock that could be used at sea to determine longitude

Back 6

John Harrison

Front 7

Began the study of the impact humans have had on their physical surroundings; wrote Man and Nature

Back 7

George Perkins Marsh

Front 8

Continued to study the impacts humans have on their physical environment

Back 8

Carl Sauer

Front 9

The biggest jump forward in terms of understanding our world has come in the past 50 years with __________.

Back 9

Satellites

Front 10

Remote sensing

Back 10

Getting information about Earth's surface from satelllites

Front 11

GIS

Back 11

Geographic Information Systems: computer systems to collect and display geographic information

Front 12

GPS

Back 12

Global Positioning System: Satellites that determine exact positions using contact with at least 4 out of 24 satellites

Front 13

Small fractions; big map; less detail

Back 13

Small scale

Front 14

Large fractions; small map; more detail

Back 14

Large scale

Front 15

Factors of a map that can be distorted

Back 15

Shape, relative size, direction, distance between two points

Front 16

Mercator

Back 16

Displayed as a rectangle; direction has no distortion, shape has a little distortion, and relative size has a large distortion

Hint 16

Type of map

Front 17

Goode Homolosine

Back 17

Displayed a weird polygon shape; breaks up the ocean; has little distortion at all except for shape

Hint 17

Type of map

Front 18

Saying an inch equals so many miles

Back 18

Verbal scale

Front 19

Giving a fraction

Back 19

Fractional scale

Front 20

Gives a small measurement and compares it to a larger one

Back 20

Graphic scale

Front 21

Robinson

Back 21

Displayed as an oval with a flat top and bottom; large size distortion

Hint 21

Type of map

Front 22

Gall-Peters

Back 22

Displayed as a rectangle; little distortion at all except at poles in terms of shape

Hint 22

Type of map

Front 23

Cartogram

Back 23

Land of a map is altered to represent some other characteristic

Front 24

Choropleth

Back 24

When a characteristic is shown by color

Front 25

Also called meridians; are between North and South poles

Back 25

Longitude

Front 26

Also called parallels; lines that run around the Earth; intersect meridians at right angles

Back 26

Latitude

Front 27

Geometric line that runs through the Pacific Ocean; follows the 180 line but also bends around various countries; separates today from tomorrow

Back 27

International Dateline

Front 28

How many degrees is each time zone?

Back 28

15°

Front 29

How many timezones are there?

Back 29

24

Front 30

What does place refer to?

Back 30

A specific point

Front 31

What does location describe?

Back 31

A place

Front 32

Place Name

Back 32

Symbolizes the people who have or currently live there; toponyms

Front 33

Site

Back 33

Physical features

Front 34

Situation

Back 34

Relationship and interaction; direction; orientation

Front 35

Sense of place

Back 35

The feelings evoked when a place is named, using memories, prior knowledge, images, experiences, the connection we have to a place, and both physical and cultural ideas

Front 36

Area where people share culture

Back 36

Formal or uniform

Front 37

Organized around central point

Back 37

Functional or nodal

Front 38

Based on our idea of a place

Back 38

Perceptual or vernacular

Front 39

How close or separated things are; how many are in a given area

Back 39

Space

Front 40

Connections

Back 40

The relationship of people across space and time

Front 41

Globalization

Back 41

The growing interconnection of people and places; the shrinking of the world

Front 42

Space is described with distribution, which has what three factors?

Back 42

Density: how many; high or low?

Concentration: where; clustered or dispersed?

Pattern: how are they arranged?

Front 43

Connection

Back 43

The relationship of people over barriers of space and time (barriers can be physical or cultural)

Front 44

Hearth

Back 44

Where information and ideas spread from

Front 45

Diffusion

Back 45

The spreading of information and ideas

Front 46

What are the two types of diffusion?

Back 46

Relocation: the idea that people take their culture with them

Expansion: the diffusion from one place to another

Front 47

What are the three types of expansion?

Back 47

Hierarchical: ideas begin in large and/or important places

Contagious: rapid or widespread diffusion; viral

Stimulus: when an idea is adopted by someone else but the details are rejected such as McDonald's dishes being different in different countries

Hint 47

Expansion of IDEAS

Front 48

Spatial Interaction

Back 48

The idea that humans and our ideas are able to move more and more rapidly

Front 49

Distance Decay

Back 49

The idea that the further people are, the less likely they are to interact with each other such as St. Patrick's Day having different meanings in different places

Front 50

Space-Time Compression

Back 50

An idea that distance decay is becoming less and less

Front 51

Sustainable

Back 51

To ensure future use

Front 52

Unsustainable

Back 52

Will eventually be gone

Front 53

Conservation

Back 53

To use resources for human needs; resources used responsibly

Front 54

Preservation

Back 54

To maintain resources for the future; resources are not used

Front 55

What are the Pillars of Sustainability?

Back 55

Environment: placing nature above human values

Economy: how much are humans willing to pay?

Society: balancing basic human needs, such as jobs working coal mines, with our environment

Front 56

All the Earth's water

Back 56

Hydrosphere

Front 57

All of Earth's rock

Back 57

Lithosphere

Front 58

Toponymy

Back 58

The scientific study of place-names, along with their origins and meanings, based on etymological, historical, and geographical info

Front 59

Toponym

Back 59

The name given to a particular place

Front 60

Toponyms are:

Back 60

A unique location and a reflection of people's ideas and tangible creations

Front 61

Giving a place a name gives the place what?

Back 61

A certain character

Front 62

True or false: Places exist without people to make them.

Back 62

False. Places do not exist in a vacuum; they are made by people

Front 63

A Toponym can give a quick glimpse into what?

Back 63

The history of a place

Front 64

What do toponyms have their roots in?

Back 64

Migration, movement, and interaction among people

Front 65

Who governs U.S. place names?

Back 65

United States Board of Geographic Names

Hint 65

USBGN

Front 66

When was the USBGN established?

Back 66

1890

Front 67

Who established the USBGN?

Back 67

President Benjamin Harris

Front 68

What are the two parts of place names?

Back 68

The general and the specific such as Missouri River and Wall Street (in English, specific goes first). In French, the specific goes second so there are names in U.S. formerly French areas named River Rouge and Isle Royale

Front 69

In the North, there is a trend to add ___________ adjectives to place-names.

Back 69

Directional (Examples are East Lansing, North Chicago, and West Chester. This is because many northern towns and cities are planned based on the compass)

Front 70

Where are Swedish toponyms found in the U.S.?

Back 70

Minnesota

Front 71

The practice of buying, trading, and/or selling place toponyms to promote popular culture

Back 71

Commodification of Toponyms (Ex. Disneyland, companies invest in arenas for a name after them like FedEx field)

Front 72

Sequent Occupance

Back 72

The notion that successive societies leave their own cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape (Ex. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, has been occupied by Arabs, Germans, the British, and Indians)

Front 73

Made the first map with the label "America"

Back 73

Martin Waldseemuller

Front 74

Created the first modern atlas

Back 74

Abraham Ortelius

Front 75

What was the name of the map that Bernhardus Varenius produced?

Back 75

Geographia Generalis

Front 76

What can a degree of longitude or latitude be divided into?

Back 76

60 minutes (') and/or 60 seconds (")

Front 77

What is the difference between place and region?

Back 77

Place is a unique location, while region is a unique area

Front 78

Who is the USBGN operated by?

Back 78

The U.S. Geological Survey

Front 79

Culture

Back 79

The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people