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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hydrosphere |
Is a dynamic mass of water that is continually on the move Includes: freshwater found underground, streams, lakes and glaciers |
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Atmosphere |
The envelope of gasses surrounding the earth Shallow layer Provides air to breathe and protects us from UV Weather and climate |
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Biosphere |
Includes all life on Earth The other 3 spheres would be completely different w/o this one |
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Geosphere |
Extends from the surface to the center of the planet Lies beneath the atmosphere and the ocean Largest sphere |
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Example of how these systems are interconnected |
Soil. The solid portion is a mixture of weathered rock debris (geosphere) and organic matter from decayed plant and animal life (biosphere). The decomposed and disintegrated rock debris is the product of weathering process that require air (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere). |
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System |
Is a group of interacting, interdependent, parts that form a complex whole |
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Open System |
Matter goes in, matter goes out Energy flows |
Ex: hydrologic cycle |
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Closed System |
Energy still flows, matter is inside and doesnt leave |
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Describe the purpose of th3 scientific method of inquiry. |
Purpose: to study the patterns and processes of the natural world To use the knowledge to predict expectations given specific conditions |
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Describe the underlying assumptions of the scientific method of inquiry. |
See notes |
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Describe the process of scientific inquiry. |
Observations Hypothesis Theory |
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Observation |
Measurements of characteristics Descriptions of characteristics Comparison No attempt to explain |
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Hypothesis |
Idea to explain a set of observations Can be tested & falsifiable |
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Theory |
Explanation of a phenomenon or set of phenomenon that is commonly accepted |
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Define Earth Science |
Is the name for the sciences that collectively seek to understand Earth and its neighbors in space |
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Geology |
"Study of Earth". |
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Physical Geology |
Seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon it sufaceEx: earthquakes, building of mountains |
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Historical Geology |
Understand the origin of Earth The development of the planet its 4.6 billion year history |
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Astronomy |
Study of the universe |
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Oceanography |
Involves all sciences in a comprehensive and interrelated study of the oceans in all their aspects and relationships |
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Meteorology |
Study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate |
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Latitude |
The angular <-> distance north and south of the equator |
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Parallel |
Each curve or line on the globe The name implies each degree of latitude is parallel to another |
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Name the 4 Special Parallels |
Arctic Circle 66° 30' N Antarctic Circle 66° 30' S Topic of Cancer 23° 30' N Topic of Capricorn 23° 30' S |
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Longitude |
Is the angular ^ distance east or west of a point on the Earth's surface |
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Great circle |
Is a curve that encompasses the entire circumference of the planet |
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International Date Line |
The 180th meridian Which marks the place where each day officially begins |
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Meridian |
Each half of a great circle Each meridian represents a degree of longitude |
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Prime Meridian |
Is a half of a great circle used as the point of origin Longitude Greenwich, England 0° |
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Terrestrial Planets |
Inner solar system Rocky Silicates, metallic iron Low mass (thin or no atmosphere) High density Closely spaced Few moons |
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Jovian Planets |
Outer solar system Gasses and ices (H, He, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, water ices) High mass Low density Widely spaced Rings and alot of moons Long orbital periods |
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Escape Velocity |
Speed required to escape a planets gravity |
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Repeated collisions result in most of the material eventually collecting into asteroid-size objects called... |
Planetesimals Grains and clumps of icy, Rocky and metallic material |
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Thought repeated collision and accretion they grew into 8 ______ and their moons |
Protoplanets |
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Solar nebula |
Sun and planets formed from a rotating cloud of interstellar gasses (H and He) amd dust |
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Asteroids |
Leftover planetesimals Larger than 100 meters Asteriod Belt: they orbit btw mars and jupiter Orbit around the sun |
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Comets |
Dirty snowball (Rocky material, dust, water ice, frozen gasses) Leftovers Outer reaches of the solar system Orbit the Sun (takes hundreds of thousands of year for a complete orbit Short-period comets: have orbital periods less than 200 years |
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Coma |
When comets reach the inner solar system, solar energy begins to vaporize their ices. The escaping gasses carry dust from the comet's surface, producing a highly reflective halo called.... coma |
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Meteors |
"Shooting star" 🙅♀️🙅♀️ Heat, created by friction btw meteroid (a small particle enters Earth from interplanetary space) and the air, produces the light we see trailing across the sky |
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Meteorite |
Are the remains of meteoroids, when found on Earth Iron, stony, stony irons |
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Meteor Showers |
When Earth encounters a swarm of meteoroids traveling in the same direction at nearly the same speed as Earth |
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Most comets originate from... |
Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud Kuiper: outer solar system, beyond Neptune Oort: consists of comets that are distributed in all directions from the sun |
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Outgassing |
Gasses trapped in the planet's interior are released Still remain in active volcanoes |
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List each solstice and equinox |
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Perihelion |
Near the sun Jan 3/4 |
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Aphelion |
Away from the Sun July 4 |
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Plane of the Ecliptic |
The imaginary plane that connects points along the ecliptic |
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Circle of Illumination |
The line separating the dark half of Earth from the lighted half |
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Wavelengths |
Get rays uniform vest in my ride |
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