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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
arrhythmia
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an abnormal rhythm of the heart.
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atrial fibrillation
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an abnormal rhythm of the heart when the atria beat very fast and incompletely.
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Bohr effect
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the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the uptake and release of oxygen by haemoglobin.
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bradycardia
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a slow heart rhythm of below 60 beats per minute.
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bundle of his
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conducting tissue composed of purkyne fibres that passes through the septum of the heart
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carbaminohaemoglobin
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the compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin.
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cardiac cycle
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the events of a single heartbeat, composed of diastole and systole.
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circulatory system
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the transport system of an animal.
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double circulatory system
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a circulatory system where the blood travels twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body. In the first circulation blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs. In the second circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the heart to the brain and body to supply cells with oxygen.
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ectopic heartbeat
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extra heartbeats that are out of the normal rhythm.
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elastic recoil
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the ability to return to original shape and size following stretching. Particularly of the alveoli of the lungs and of the arteries.
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electrocardiogram (ECG)
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a technique for measuring tiny changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin that result from the electrical activity of the heart. This produces a trace which can be used to analyse the health of the heart.
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haemoglobin
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the red, oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells.
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haemoglobinic acid
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the compound formed when haemoglobin accepts free hydrogen ions in its role as a buffer in the blood.
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mass transport system
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a transport system where substances are transported in a mass of fluid.
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oxygen dissociation curve
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graph showing the relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin at different partial pressures of oxygen.
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oxygenated blood
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blood that has passed through the gas exchange organs (e.g. lungs) and is high in oxygen.
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Purkyne fibres
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tissue that conducts the wave of excitation to the apex of the heart.
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single circulatory system
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a circulatory system where the blood flows through the heart and is pumped out to travel all around the body before returning to the heart.
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sino-atrial node (SAN)
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region of the heart that initiates a wave of excitation that triggers the contraction of the heart.
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systole
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the stage of the cardiac cycle in which the atria contract, followed by the ventricles, forcing blood out of the right side of the heart to the lungs and the left side of the heart to the body.
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tachycardia
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a fast heart rhythm of over 100 beats per minute at rest.
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atrio-ventricular node (AVN)
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stimulates the ventricles to contract after imposing a slight delay to ensure atrial contraction is complete.
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closed circulatory system
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a circulatory system where the blood is enclosed in blood vessels and does not come into direct contact with the cells of the body beyond the blood vessels.
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carbonic anhydrase
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enzyme which catalyses the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid.
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diastole
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the stage of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes and the atria and then the ventricles fill with blood.
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haemolymph
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the transport medium or ‘blood’ in insects
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lymph
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modified tissue fluid that is collected in the lymph system.
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myogenic
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muscle which has its own intrinsic rhythm.
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oncotic pressure
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the tendency of water to move into the blood by osmosis as a result of the plasma proteins.
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open circulatory system
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a circulatory system with a heart but few vessels to contain the transport medium.
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plasma
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the main component of blood, a yellow fluid containing many dissolved substances and carrying the blood cells.
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tissue fluid
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the solution surrounding the cells of multicellular animals.
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transport system
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the system that transports required substances around the body of an organism.
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cytolysis
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the bursting of an animal cell caused by increasing hydrostatic pressure as water enters by osmosis.
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