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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lesions caused by Zinc toxicity?
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Osteochondrosis in horses. Pancreatic lesions in cattle. Atrophy of pancreas in pigs. Hemolytic anemia in dogs. Abomastatitis/green mucosa in sheep.
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How does Selenium cause toxicity?
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Generates superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and oxyradicals
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Lesions of Selenium?
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Cardiac failure, loss of microvascular integrity, congestion, diffuse edema, focal hemorrhages in lungs, edema of abdominal viscera
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Lead's MOA?
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Inactivates enzymes involved in heme synthesis. Alters Vitamin D.
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Lesions of lead toxicity?
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Cerebral edema, degenerative changes in nervous system & kidneys, heart purkinje
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Mercury MOA?
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Prevents synthesis of essential proteins, leads to cellular degeneration and necrosis, esp. in brain
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Lesions of mercury toxicity?
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GI lesions, gastric ulcers, necrotic enteritis, and colitis, renal lesions
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Copper MOA?
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Death of hepatocytes
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Copper toxicity lesions?
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Gun metal blue kidneys, hemoglobinuria, swollen friable liver
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Arsenic MOA?
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Affects fast-growing cells, inhibits cellular respiration
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Arsenic toxicity lesions?
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GI irritation, pale kidneys, pale yellow liver
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Iron MOA?
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Free substances causes increased lipid peroxidation with resulting membrane damage to mitochondria, microsomes, and other cellular organelles
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Iron toxicity lesions?
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Gastroenteritis, gastric ulcers, edema, liver damage
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What are non-essential minerals?
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Lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium [CALM]
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Molybdenum MOA?
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Enhances resistance of the membrances to rupture, binds to copper, minor essential nutrient for all animal
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Molybdenum lesions?
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No groos or histopathologic lesions. Emaciation is the most common observation.
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Sodium MOA?
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Passively goes in but active transport needs to come out
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Sodium lesions?
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Edema in brain, GI inflammation, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, eosinophilic cuffing in poultry & swine
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Nitrate-nitrite MOA?
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Nitrate is good. Nitrite is bad. Converts ferrous to ferric, which cant bind oxygen --> chocolate-colored blood.
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Nitrate-nitrite lesions?
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30-40% mild signs. 80% death. Chocolate-colored blood. Increased HR and respirate due to loss of oxygen
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Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids MOA?
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Sodium channels inactivate. Depolarizes. Neurotoxin attacks nervous system.
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Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids lesions?
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No gross or histopathological lesions
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Carbamates MOA?
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Targets acetylcholinesterase --> inhibits the catabolism of acetylcholine
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Carbamates lesions?
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Pulmonary edema at necropsy, salivation while alive
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