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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is it negative to only have simple reflex responses? |
Unable to learn form new experiences |
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Hormonal response arc |
Stimulus > receptors of glands > secrete hormone > effector (target cells) > response (^/less hormone into bloodstream) |
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Nervous response arc |
stimulus > receptors > SN > Brain > MN > effectors > response |
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Role of reflex responses |
^ chance of survival |
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Why is it negative to only have simple reflex responses |
Unable to learn form new experiences |
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Receptors (outline) |
• specific > only detect a particular stimulus e.g. pressure, light |
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Structure of relay neurone |
• many short dendrites (due to ^ connectivity of one neuron to another) |
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Structure of sensory neurones |
• long dendrite > nerve impulse from receptor cell > cell body (in middle of the cell) • short axon > nerve impulse from cell body > CNS (RN) |
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Motor neurone structure |
• many short dendrite > nerve impulses CNS > cell body • one long axon > nerve impulses cell body > effector cells |
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General function of a neurone |
- cell body with a nucleus - cell body has extensions that connect to other neurones (dendrites) - cytoplasm, & other organelles usually in a cell contained in this |
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Role of Schwann cells |
• electrical insulator (prevents interference of impulse with impulses from other neurones) • speeds up transmission of impulse |
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What is a myelin sheath made of |
Schwann cell |
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What are nodes of ranvier |
Gaps within the myelin sheath |
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What is the nervous system |
CNS + PNS |
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What is CNS made up of |
Brain + spinal cord |
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What is PNS made up of |
Nerves coming from & going to CNS |
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What is a nerve? |
A group of neurones (surrounded by a protective covering) |
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Axons transmit impulses... |
AWAY form the cell body |
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Dendrites transmit impulses |
Towards the cell body |
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General reflex arc |
Stimulus > receptors > SN > RN > MN > effector (gland/ muscle) > response |
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What is a reflex |
Involuntary response to stimuli |
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What’s the difference between nervous and hormonal communication? (Minimum 2) |
Nervous - electrical transmission (impulses), short- lived (neurotransmitters removed quickly), faster, uses the spinal cord as a pathway Hormonal - chemical transmission (hormones), long-lived (hormones x broken down quickly), slower, uses the bloodstream as a pathway |
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Function of sensory neurone |
Receptor cell > SN > impulse travels towards cell body > CNS (Long dendrite > sends impulse towards cell body) |
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Function of motor neurone |
(RN in) CNS > MN > impulse travels away from cell body > effector |
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Function of relay neurone |
Interconnecting neurones in the CNS that allow impulses to be communicated between SN and MN’s |
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What is acetylcholine |
A neurotransmitter that controls muscle contraction and heart rate |
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What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine |
Acetylcholinesterase |
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Acetylcholinesterase function |
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine > acetate + choline |
