Nervous System

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is a complex network of nerves and specialized cells, known as Neurons.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

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it transmits signal to different parts of the body

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NEURONS

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NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO:

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• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

• PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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the primary command center of the body and it is composed of the brain and spinal cord

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

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consists of the neurons, ganglia and the nerves

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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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• Located at the front of the brain over the eyes

• This lobe contains the olfactory bulb which process smells

• It involves memory, imagination and intelligence

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FRONTAL LOBE

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• Located at the top of the brain

• Neurons involve in speech and reading. • • Involved also the touch sensations like pressure, pain, heat and cold.

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PARIETAL LOBE

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• located at the back of the brain

• it involves in vision (seeing, recognizing, and identifying visual world)(sight)

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OCCIPITAL LOBE

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• located at the base of the brain by your ears

• primarily involved in processing and interpreting sounds (hearing)

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TEMPORAL LOBE

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Two types of Neurons

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• Efferent neurons

• Afferent neurons

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Send impulses from the CNS to limbs and organs

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EFFERENT NEURONS

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Receive sensory information and transmit this to the CNS.

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AFFERENT NEURONS

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The peripheral nervous system is divided into two

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SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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controls voluntary actions and body reflexes

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SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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regulates involuntary actions such breathing and digestion

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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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Autonomic nervous system is divided into 3 parts

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PARASYMPATHETHIC

SYMPATHETIC

ENTERIC

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helps the body gain and conserve energy

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PARASYMPATHETIC

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prepares the body for intense and energy consuming activities

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SYMPATHETIC

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has network of neurons that controls secretion and peristalsis in the digestive tract, pancreas and gallbladder

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ENTERIC

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Diseases Related to Nervous System

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• SCHIZOPHRENIA

• ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

• PARKINSONS DISEASE

• AUTISM

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is an amazing three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind and soul. Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory

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BRAIN

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How much is the weight of the brain

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3 POUND

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This protects the brain

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SKULL

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Brain is composed of

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CEREBRUM

CEREBELLUM

BRAINSTEM

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• Is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres

• It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement

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CEREBRUM

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is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance

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CEREBELLUM

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acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord

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BRAIN STEM

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• Is located in the floor of the third ventricle and is the master control of the autonomic system.

• It plays a role in controlling behaviors such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.

• It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, and secretion of hormones.

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HYPOTHALAMUS

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• Lies in a small pocket of bone at the skull base called the sella turcica.

• Connected to the hypothalamus of the brain by the pituitary stalk.

• Known as the “master gland,” it controls other endocrine glands in the body.

• It secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, and respond to stress.

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PITUITARY GLAND

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• Serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex.

• It plays a role in pain sensation, attention, alertness and memory.

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THALAMUS

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These nuclei work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements

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BASAL GANGLIA

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Characterized by severe mental disturbance and psychotic episodes in which a patient loses the ability to distinguish reality

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SCHIZOPHRENIA

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Characterized by confusion, personality changes, and memory loss

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ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

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Motor disorder that is characterized by slowness and difficulty in movement

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PARKINSONS DISEASE

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A complex neurobehavioral conditions that includes impairment in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills and repetitive behavior

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AUTISM