Tongue, Salivary Glands And Tonsils

Front 1

Pharyngeal Arch 1 =

Back 1

mandibular arch

Front 2

Pharyngeal Arch 2 =

Back 2

hyoid arch

Front 3

Pharyngeal Arch ___ disappears

Back 3

5

Front 4

hallow tube above pharyngeal arch 1 and extends behind all arches

Back 4

digestive tract

Front 5

_________ seperates upper end or foregut from stomodeum

Back 5

Buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 6

where epithelium anterior to buccopharyngeal membrane develops from

Back 6

ectoderm

Front 7

where tube behind buccopharyngeal tube develops from

Back 7

endoderm

Front 8

Tongue develops upon rupture of

Back 8

buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 9

Tongue begins as

Back 9

a swelling from back of pharyngeal arches and floor of mouth

Front 10

the epithelial covering of the tongue develops from _______ (anterior ____) and ________ (posterior _____)

Back 10

- ectoderm, 2/3
- endoderm, 1/3

Front 11

sac of epithelium filled with muscles derived from

Back 11

mesoderm

Front 12

Intrinsic skeletal muscles

Back 12

- Superior longitudinal group
- inferior longitudinal group
- Transverse group
- Vertical group

Front 13

Extrinsic skeletal muscles

Back 13

- hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
- genioglossus

Front 14

hyoglossus muscles

Back 14

pulls lateral edges of tongue down onto floor of mouth

Front 15

styloglossus muscles

Back 15

pulls tonge backward and slightly upward

Front 16

palatoglossus muscles

Back 16

elevates posterior tongue portion and pulls it slightly backward

Front 17

genioglossus

Back 17

aids in protrusion, retrusion, tongue depression

Front 18

tongue papillae

Back 18

- filiform
- fungiform
- foliate
- circumvallate

Front 19

filiform papillae

Back 19

tiny, pointed projection of keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium

Front 20

_______ have no taste function

Back 20

filiform papillae

Front 21

________ provide tactile sensation

Back 21

filiform papillae

Front 22

Fungiform papillae

Back 22

tiny, round, raised spots located in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Front 23

_______ are redder in youner persons

Back 23

Fungiform papillae

Front 24

________ has taste buds similar to circumvallate papillae, however, located on upper surface instead

Back 24

Fungiform papillae

Front 25

Foliate papillae

Back 25

Rough, lateral surface in the area of circumvallate papilla

Front 26

______ has few taste buds

Back 26

Foliate papillae

Front 27

V-shaped row of circular raised papillae

Back 27

Circumvallate papillae

Front 28

located 2/3 of the way back on the tongue with the point of the V facing posteriorly

Back 28

Circumvallate papillae

Front 29

Divides the anterior 2/3 of the tongue from the posterior 1/3

Back 29

Circumvallate papillae

Front 30

Contains many taste buds all around lateral surface

Back 30

Circumvallate papillae

Front 31

Ducts of the underlying serous glands (Von Ebner's glands) are seen opening into the grooves surrounding these papillae

Back 31

Circumvallate

Front 32

Scenario where epithelia of papillae may grow long and trap food is often known as

Back 32

Hairy tongue

Front 33

The pigments of a Hairy tongue originate from

Back 33

oral bacteria and food

Front 34

scenario where epithlia of papillae are denuded (lost) causing the surface of the tongue to become very smooth

Back 34

Glossitis

Front 35

found in oral epithelium and responsible for chemical sense of taste

Back 35

taste buds

Front 36

_______ are associated with the papillae of the tongue

Back 36

Taste buds

Front 37

__________ are epithelial cells closely associated with club-shaped sensory nerve endings which arise from chorda tympani

Back 37

Taste buds

Front 38

Taste buds of anterior 2/3 of tongue pass to

Back 38

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

Front 39

Taste buds of posterior 1/3 of tongue pass to

Back 39

the glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 40

Taste buds of epiglottis and larynx pass to

Back 40

the vagus nerve

Front 41

Taste:
Sweet - ______
Salty - ________
Sour - _______
Bitter - _________

Back 41

- tip of tongue
- tip of tongue
- sides of tongue
- region of circumvallate papilla

Front 42

Saliva is a balanced secretion resulting from both

Back 42

- the composition of the secretion
- the location of salivary gland secretions into oral cavity

Front 43

Gland cell types

Back 43

- Serous
- Mucous

Front 44

Serous

Back 44

high protein, low carbohydrate

Front 45

mucous

Back 45

low protein, high carbohydrate

Front 46

Glands of lips, cheeks, and anterior floow of the mouth produce a

Back 46

watery mixture of serous and mucous secretion

Front 47

Glands of posterior palate, pharynx and tongue contribute a viscous solution that

Back 47

proctects the membranes in those regions

Front 48

Major salivary glands contribute ________ % of saliva into the more anterior are of mouth

Back 48

85 -90%

Front 49

Largest salivary gland

Back 49

Partoid

Front 50

_______ secretes protein, carbohydrate and the enzyme amylase which aids in digestion of carbohydrates

Back 50

Partoid

Front 51

enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates

Back 51

amylase

Front 52

Salvary glands are termed ________ because the basic mode of product excretion is through membrane vesicles passin to the cells apex

Back 52

merocrine glands

Front 53

Carry secretion some distance to oral cavity by means of main duct

Back 53

Major salivary glands

Front 54

Empty their products directly into the mouth by means of short ducts

Back 54

Minor salivary glands

Front 55

Both cells of major or minor salivary glands are composed of same types of cells, which are:

Back 55

- mucous cells
- serous cells
- serous demilunes (seromucous)

Front 56

_________ is a cluster of pyramidal cells, either mucous or serous or a combination of the two that secretes into a terminal collecting duct

Back 56

Alveolus (Acinus)

Front 57

Function unit of salivary glands

Back 57

Alveolus (Acinus)

Front 58

the collecting duct is termed

Back 58

the secretory end piece or intercalated duct

Front 59

Acinar cell types

Back 59

- Serous
- Mucous
- Seromucous Acini

Front 60

Serous cells secrete mostly

Back 60

proteins and small amounts of carbohydrates

Front 61

Serous cell secretions also contains _______, which are precusors of teh enzyme amylase, which functions in the breakdown of _________.

Back 61

- zymogen granules
- carbohydrates

Front 62

Serous cell secretion has a _________ consistency

Back 62

watery

Front 63

Mucous cells are high in carbohydrates and low in proteins and discharge a viscous product called

Back 63

mucin

Front 64

When mucin mixes with watery oral fluids, it becomes _______ causing the saliva to be ______

Back 64

- mucous
- thick and viscous

Front 65

mucous is _____ in shape

Back 65

tubular

Front 66

mucous has a _________ lumen than serous secretions

Back 66

larger

Front 67

_______ is a carbohydrate splitting enzyme which breaks down starches into long chain sugars

Back 67

amylase

Front 68

mucous is made of ____% water and _____% inorganic compound (sodium, potassium, and chloride)

Back 68

- 99%
- 1%

Front 69

______ may have proteins which decrease caries and periodontal disease

Back 69

mucous

Front 70

_______ have both mucous and serous components

Back 70

Seromucous Acini

Front 71

The configuration of the cell where the secretion of serous cells pass down a duct between the terminal mucous cells to the lumen of the alveolus is termed

Back 71

serous demilune

Front 72

Major salivary glands are present as ______ bilateral pairs

Back 72

3

Front 73

The major salivary glands are

Back 73

- Paratid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual

Front 74

The paratid glands are located

Back 74

on the side of face and in front of ears

Front 75

Paratid glands are the largest gland, but only contribute _____% of the total saliva

Back 75

25%

Front 76

Paratid gland secretes pure

Back 76

serous secretions

Front 77

Sumandibullar glands are located

Back 77

inside the angle of the mandible

Front 78

Submandibular glands produce ______ of the total saliva

Back 78

60%

Front 79

Submandibular glands secrete

Back 79

a mixed serous and mucous secretion

Front 80

The smallest in size of teh Major salivary glands

Back 80

Sublingual gland

Front 81

Sublingual gland contributes _____ of the total saliva

Back 81

5%

Front 82

Sublingual gland secretes

Back 82

pure mucous

Front 83

Sublingual glands are located

Back 83

on either side of midline beneath mucosa of anterior floor of mouth

Front 84

True or False:
Major salivary glands are organized like grapes on vine

Back 84

True

Front 85

Acini are arranged in groups or _____ invested in CT.

Back 85

lobules

Front 86

The groups of lobules form larger _______ surrouned by CT

Back 86

lobes

Front 87

The lobes are surrounded by CT containing the _______ that ______ the glands and teh blood vessles that supply the glands

Back 87

- ducts
- drain

Front 88

The minor salivary glands are classified as

Back 88

- serous
- mucous
- mixed types (seromucous)

Front 89

The minor salivary glands are located

Back 89

throughout the oral cavity and are named for their location

Front 90

The minor salivary glands of the lips and the cheeks are termed _______

Back 90

- buccal and labial glands

Front 91

the buccal and labial glands sectrete a ___________ and are thus knows as _________

Back 91

- combination of serous and mucous secretions (seromucous)
- mixed glands

Front 92

The glands of the posterior hard palate and soft palate are called _______ and secrete _________

Back 92

- palatine glands
- pure mucous secretions

Front 93

The glands of the tonsillar folds are the _________ and secrete __________

Back 93

- the glossopalatine glands
- pure mucous secretions

Front 94

The tongue contains _______ which secrete _______

Back 94

- lingual glands
- seromucous

Front 95

glands that secrete pure mucous are known as _______ and glands that secrete both serous and mucous are known as _________

Back 95

- pure mucous glands
- mixed glands

Front 96

Serous glands are located at

Back 96

the junction of tongue body and base

Front 97

The duct system consists of a ________ which lies among the acinar cells and an _________, which lies in the CT septa between the lobules and lobes of the glands.

Back 97

- secretory portion
- excretory portion

Front 98

Acinar cells drain directly into _________, which are low cuboidal cells

Back 98

- intercalated ducts

Front 99

Intercalated ducts carry

Back 99

secretions to next set of ducts

Front 100

The intercalated duct opens directly into a larger duct called the

Back 100

striated duct

Front 101

The cells of the striated duct are

Back 101

slightly taller and more columnar than those of the intercalated duct

Front 102

The cells of the striated duct have striations caused by

Back 102

enfolding of the basal membrane, which increases the surface area of the cell and allows increased exchange of ions with nearby blood cells

Front 103

As saliva is passed through the striated ducts, its content is

Back 103

modified

Front 104

Both intercalated and striated ducts are part of the

Back 104

intralobular duct system

Front 105

The intralobular duct system is located

Back 105

inside the lobules

Front 106

the interlobular excretory ducts are located

Back 106

in the CT septa between the lobules and lobes of the glands

Front 107

________ drains the parotid gland

Back 107

Stenson's duct

Front 108

________ drains the submandibular gland

Back 108

Wharton's duct

Front 109

Interlobular ducts do not modify saliva, they just carry it to

Back 109

oral cavity

Front 110

_______ of saliva are secreted a day

Back 110

3 - 3.5 pints

Front 111

The composition of saliva varies according to the ________, which is _______ during ______ and _______ during ________.

Back 111

-rate of secretion
-low, sleep
-high, stimulation

Front 112

Saliva has fewer ______ and ____ than blood.

Back 112

- protiens
- ions

Front 113

The major salivary protein is

Back 113

amylase

Front 114

saliva contains

Back 114

potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, carbonate, urea, trace of amonia uric acid, glucose, lipids

Front 115

Saliva also contains the proteins

Back 115

lysosyme and albumin

Front 116

the parotid gland contains _____% amylase and the submandibular gland contains _____%

Back 116

- 80%
- 20%

Front 117

Salivary functions

Back 117

- wash the surface of teeth and reduce the possibility of acid etching's leading to dental caries
- keep oral tissues moist & protect against irritants and desiccation
- to aid in mastication and swalling of food
- to provide antibacterial action
-to assist in formation of the pellicle which is a protective membrane on the tooth's surface
- to provide protection in acid-neutralizing and acid-buffering actions, which prevent dissolution of enamel

Front 118

what is the saliva's role in dehydration

Back 118

-if decrease in body fluids, saliva production also decreases
-stimulate need for water

Front 119

The secretory portion of the duct system lies among the

Back 119

acinar cells

Front 120

the excretory portion of the duct system lies

Back 120

in CT septa between lobules and lobes of glands

Front 121

Substances enter/leave the secretory portion of the duct system via

Back 121

ion exchange with adjacent blood vessels

Front 122

The secretory cells have ________ function and contain ________, __________, and __________

Back 122

- metobolic
- mitochondria
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- secretory granules

Front 123

Intercalated ducts drain into __________

Back 123

Striated ducts

Front 124

Salivary gland secretion is regulated mostly by the

Back 124

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerous systems

Front 125

Stimulation of the salivary glands by ____________ results in an organic secretion (protein rich)

Back 125

sympathetic nervous system

Front 126

stimulation of the salivary glands by the _____________ results in a watery secretion

Back 126

parasympathetic

Front 127

_________ originate from the oral epithelium at the time that the oral epithelial cells of the salivary gland grow into the mesenchyme.

Back 127

Myepithelial cells

Front 128

The myepithelial cells remain on the outside of the _________ and function as _________ to contract and squeeze the _______ facilitating secretion

Back 128

- secretory end pieces
- muscle cells
- acinus

Front 129

Myoepithelia cells have an _______ origin with a ________ function

Back 129

- epithelial
- muscular

Front 130

Tonsillar tissue surrounds the oropharynx in a ring called

Back 130

Waldeyer's ring

Front 131

In the oropharyngeal midline is the single __________

Back 131

pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid

Front 132

adjacent to the posterior molars are the bilateral ___________

Back 132

palatine tonsils

Front 133

in the floor of the mouth are the bilateral __________

Back 133

lingual tonsils

Front 134

Each tonsil is composed of

Back 134

lymphatic tissue or nodules

Front 135

The lymphatic nodules may have _________ which are active sites of lymphocyte formation

Back 135

germinal centers

Front 136

The tonsils are covered with

Back 136

epithelium

Front 137

The orally located palatine and lingual tonsils are composed of

Back 137

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 138

Tonsils have _____ afferent lymphatic vessels that lead to them

Back 138

no

Front 139

Each tonsil is supported by _____ and has an associated ______ underlying it

Back 139

- CT
- glands

Front 140

In the pharyngeal tonsil, the epithelium is __________, because the tonsil is in the nasopharnyx

Back 140

respiratory

Front 141

Tonsils and lymph nodes do have _______ lymphatic vessels draining them

Back 141

efferent

Front 142

The palatine tonsils are best recognized in _______ and these structures are best recognized when they become ________

Back 142

- children
- infected

Front 143

When palatine tonsils are infected and swollen, they appear

Back 143

red with streaks of white purulent material on their surface

Front 144

The palatine tonsils become infected as a result of their _________ because they have deep __________ in which oral bacteria may become lodged.

Back 144

- structure
- branching crypts

Front 145

Beneath the palatine tonsils are __________ which assist in flushing out these crypts

Back 145

seromucous glands

Front 146

Pharyngeal tonsils are subject to infection during _________

Back 146

childhood

Front 147

The pharyngeal tonsils may grow _______ from the midline location to surround the opening of the eustachian tubes

Back 147

laterally

Front 148

The pharyngeal tonsils do not have any crypts, but may have occasional

Back 148

folds that appear as clefts in the mucosa

Front 149

The pharyngeal tonsils have underlying seromucous glands that

Back 149

drain the surface of epithelium overlying gland tissue

Front 150

lingual tonsils are located on the surface of the

Back 150

posterior third of the tongue

Front 151

Lingual tonsils have a ________ surrounding them

Back 151

CT capsule

Front 152

Underlying the lingual tonsils between the mucous glands are

Back 152

skeletal muscles and adipose tissue of the tongue

Front 153

Because the lingual tonsils are located in the posterior floor of the mouth, the washing action of saliva provides effective cleansing, therefore there is

Back 153

rare inflammation

Front 154

the most notable funtion of the tonsils is

Back 154

the production of lymphocytes that protect the body from foreign microorganisms inhaled or swallowed

Front 155

lymphocytes are often referred to as _________ due to their ability to retain information about coding for antibody production

Back 155

memory cells

Front 156

Some lymphocytes transform into ________ and engulf bacteria or discharge substances to destroy them

Back 156

T cells

Front 157

Other lymphocytes become _______ which differentiate into plasma cells

Back 157

B cells

Front 158

Plasma cells secrete ________ that destroy _________

Back 158

- antibodies
- antigens

Front 159

Plasma cells and lymphocytes are found in __________ such as ___________

Back 159

- chronic infections
- periodontal disease

Front 160

The minor salivary glands are

Back 160

- buccal & labial
- palatine
- glossopalitine
- lingual