Theories Of Personality 2

Front 1

Aggressive Drive

Back 1

one of Adler's terms for positive striving, emphasizing anger and competitiveness

Front 2

Masculine Protest

Back 2

one of Adler's terms for positive striving, emphasizing manliness

Front 3

Superiority Striving

Back 3

effort to achieve improvement in oneself
(self-improvement)

Front 4

Inferiority Complex

Back 4

stagnation of growth in which difficulties seem too immense to be overcome

Front 5

Superiority Complex

Back 5

a neurotic belief that one is better than others

Front 6

Perfection Striving

Back 6

effort to improve self-actualization that is *realistic*

Front 7

Creative self

Back 7

the person who acts to determine his or her own life
(*personality* is creative)

Front 8

Fictional finalism

Back 8

a person's image of the *goal* of his or her striving

Front 9

Style of life

Back 9

a person's consistent way of striving

Front 10

Depreciation complex

Back 10

unhealthy way of seeking superiority by belittling others

Front 11

Socially useful type

Back 11

a personality that is well adjusted, well developed social interest and a sense of internal control

Front 12

Pampering

Back 12

parental behavior in which a child is spoiled

Front 13

Neglect

Back 13

parental behavior in which a child's needs are not adequately met

Front 14

Family constellation

Back 14

the configuration of family members, including the number and birth order of siblings

Front 15

Social interest

Back 15

innate potential to live cooperatively with other people

Front 16

Psychosocial

Back 16

Erikson's approach to development, offered as an alternative to Freud's psychosexual approach

Front 17

Epigenetic Principle

Back 17

the principle for psychosocial development, based on a biological model, in which parts emerge in order of increasing differentiation

Front 18

Gerotranscendence

Back 18

the ninth stage of psychosocial development, referring to the very elderly

Front 19

Pseudospeciation

Back 19

the exaggerated sense of many groups, especially national and ethnic groups, that they are different from others, leading to conflict among groups

Front 20

Identity achievement

Back 20

status representing optimal development during the fifth (adolescent) psychosocial stage

Front 21

Identity diffusion

Back 21

In which neither a crisis nor a commitment has been experienced.

the negative pole of the fifth (adolescent) psychosocial stage. (earlier terminology)

Front 22

Basic Anxiety

Back 22

feeling of isolation and helplessness resulting from inadequate parenting in infancy

Front 23

Basic Hostility

Back 23

feeling of anger by the young child toward the parents, which must be repressed

Front 24

Self-effacing solution

Back 24

attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking love; moving *toward* people

Compliant

Front 25

Expansive solution

Back 25

attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking mastery; moving *against* people

Aggressive

Front 26

Resignation solution

Back 26

attempting to solve neurotic conflict by seeking freedom; moving *away from* people

Detached

Front 27

Idealized self

Back 27

an image of what a person wishes to be

Front 28

Real self

Back 28

the vital, unique center of the self, which has growth potential

Front 29

Actual self

Back 29

what a person really is at a given time, seen objectively

Front 30

Tyranny of the shoulds

Back 30

inner demands to live up to the idealized self

Front 31

Externalization

Back 31

defense mechanism in which conflicts are projected outside

Front 32

Blind spots

Back 32

a person is unaware of behavior inconsistent with the idealized self-image

Front 33

Compartmentalization

Back 33

incompatible behaviors are not simultaneously recognized

Front 34

Rationalization

Back 34

secondary adjustment technique in which a person explains behaviors in socially acceptable ways

Front 35

Excessive self-control

Back 35

secondary adjustment technique in which emotions are avoided

Front 36

Arbitrary rightness

Back 36

a person rigidly declares that his or her own view is correct

Front 37

Elusiveness

Back 37

a person avoids commitment to any opinion or action

Front 38

Cynicism

Back 38

the moral values of society are rejected

Front 39

Womb envy

Back 39

men's envy of women's reproductive capacity (complement of freud's penis envy)

Front 40

Individualism

Back 40

values, predominant in many Western cultures, of individual goals and achievement (in contrast to shared group goals and cooperation)

Front 41

Collectivism

Back 41

values, predominant in some cultures, of social cooperation and group goals

Front 42

Relational approach

Back 42

approach in modern psychoanalysis that emphasizes interpersonal relationships

Front 43

Object relations

Back 43

term used in psychoanalysis for relationships with people, based originally on the idea that people serve as objects to satisfy libidinal drives

Front 44

Erikson's psychosocial stages

Back 44

1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. identity confusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair