Theories Of Personality

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personality

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distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual

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psychodynamic theories

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theories that explain behavior and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within the individual

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psychoanalysis

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theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy developed by Freud; it emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

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id

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a part of personality present at birth & completely unconscious, Sexual and Aggressive particularly sexual and aggressive instincts (what you like to do)

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Ego

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represents reason, good sense, and rational self-control

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Superego

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conscience, morality, and social standards

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defense mechanisms

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methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness

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repression

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a threatening idea, memory, or emotion is blocked from consciousness

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projection

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own acceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else

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displacement

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occurs when people direct their emotions (especially anger) towards things, animals, or other people that are not the real object of their feelings

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regression

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Falling back to childlike patterns a way of coping with stress

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denial

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refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening

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oral psychosexual stages

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occurs during the first year of life, when babies experience the world through their mouths

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Anal psychosexual stages

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ages 2 to 3, when toilet training and control of bodily wastes are the key issues ("anal retentive" or "anal expulsive")

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phallic psychosexual stages

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age 3 to 5/6, child unconsciously wishes to possess the parent of the other sex and to get rid of the parent of the same sex

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latency psychosexual stages

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occurs at 6 to onset or beggining of pruberty, child remains hidden of sexual or latent feelings

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genital psychosexual stages

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it occurrs at 13 where the focus is on sexual curiosity, begins at puberty and leads to adult sexuality

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Carl Jung (Jungian Theory)

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All humans share a vassal collective unconscious memories, stories, symbols, images, bad and good

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object-relations school

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emphasizes the importance of the infant's first two years of life and the baby's formative relationships, especially with the mother

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objective tests (inventories)

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standard questionnaires, written responses, personalities values, interests, self-esteem, emotional problems

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Gordon Allport

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recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives

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Central traits

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reflect a characteristic way of behaving, dealing with others, and reacting to new situations

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Secondary traits

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more changeable aspects of personality, such as music preferences, habits, casual opinions, and the like

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Openness to experience Trait

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creative, artistic, curious, imaginative

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resistance to new experience Trait

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uncreative, conforming

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conscientiousness Trait

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Careful, responsible, organized

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Impulsiveness

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Lazy, unreliable, careless, fickle

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Extroversion Trait

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Outgoing, social, talkative, optimistic

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introversion

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Shy, comfortable, being alone

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Agreableness

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good natured, cooperative, helpful

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Antagonism

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Rude, uncooperative, irritable, agreesive

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Neuroticism

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Worries, Complainant, insecure

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Emotional stability

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Calm, Secure, relaxed

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heritability

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proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group