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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parts of A Plant |
A. Root System B. Shoot System |
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Root |
The underground part of the plant is called root. |
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Characteristics of The Root |
1. It grows downward into the soil away from the sunlight and towards the force of gravity. 2. It has one main thick primary root with many side branches. The end parts of the root branches bear fine hair-like processes called root-hairs. The primary root with all its branches and the root-hairs is called the root system. |
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Types of Root System |
1. Tap Root System 2. Fibrous Root System |
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Tap Root System |
It has a thick main root called primary root and bears many side branches called secondary roots. Such a root system is found in dicot plants such as gram, pea, etc. |
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Fibrous Root System |
It has a cluster of roots of the same thickness and size arising from the base of the stem. This type of root system is found in monocot plants such as maize, grass. |
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True Roots |
True roots develop from the radicle of the germinating seed. Eg. Pea, Carrot |
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Adventitious Roots |
They grow from the stem, branches or leaves. Eg. Banyan Tree |
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Functions of the Root |
1. Fixes the plant in the soil. 2. Absorbs water and minerals from the soil for the growth of the entire plant. 3. Binds the soil together so that it does not get washed away during rain or blown away by the wind. |
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Modification of the Root |
The roots undergo modification to perform mainly the following two functions: 1. Storage of food 2. To provide additional support. |
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Roots for Storage of Food |
The primary roots usually get thickened to store food. They are found in several shapes too. Eg. Carrot (Conical), Turnip (Roundish), Radish (Spindle-like) The adventitious roots are sometimes swollen to store food. 1. Tuberous Roots - Sweet Potato, Tapioca 2. Nodulose Roots - Turmeric, Arrow Root. 3. Fasiculated Roots - Arranged in bundles as in dahlia, asparagus. |
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Roots for Additional Support |
Sometimes, the roots get modified to give support to the plant. A. Prop Roots B. Stilt Roots C. Climbing Roots |
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Prop Roots |
These are aerial roots which grow vertically downward from the horizontal branches. As they touch the ground, they go deep into the soil. They look like ropes or pillars e.g., banyan, screw pine, etc. |
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Stilt Roots |
Plants with weak stem such as sugarcane, wheat, maize, etc., give rise to adventitious roots from the lower nodes. They grow obliquely downwards like stilts. |
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Climbing Roots |
Weak green stem develops a cluster of aerial roots from their nodes or internodes. They attach themselves to a support and help the plant to climb upwards, e.g., Money Plant, Indian Ivy, etc. |
