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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Staphylococcus aureus |
Branches intertwined nucleated hyphae. Can live harmlessly on skin, can develop resistance to antibiotics. Staphylo- describes the clustered arrangement of cells Coccus- shaped like spheres Aureus- golden |
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Salmonella enterica |
Found in the intestines |
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Streptococcus pyogenes |
Bacterium. Strepto=appearance of cells in chains. Forms pus. |
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Yeast. Myces=fungus saccharo=uses sugar Makes beer. |
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Penicillium chrysogenum |
Fungus. Tuft like appearance. Produces a yellow pigment. |
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Trypanosoma cruzi |
Protozoan. Corkscrew. Honors epidemiologist Oswaldo Cruz. |
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Bacillus |
Rod-like |
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Bacillus |
Rod-like |
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Coccus |
Spherical or ovoid |
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Spiral |
Corkscrew or curved |
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Microbes |
Living things too small to see with the unaided eye. Bacteria, fungi (yeasts and molds), Protozoa, microscopic algae. |
Definition and types |
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B12 |
Cobalamin |
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B2 |
Ribovlavin |
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B2 |
Ribovlavin |
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What types of food are produced with microbes? |
Vinegar, sauerkraut, pickles, soy sauce, cheese, yogurt, bread, alcoholic beverages |
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Pathogenic |
Disease-producing |
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Pathogenic |
Disease-producing |
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Who was the system of nomenclature established by and when? |
1735 by Carolus Linnaeus. |
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What two names does scientific nomenclature assign an organism and which is capitalized? |
Genus is first and is capitalized, specific epithet (species name) is second and not capitalized. It is underlined or italicized. |
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Escherichia coli |
Named for scientist Theodor Escherich. Coli means it lives in the colon or large intestine. |
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What enzyme digests some of the cellulose in cotton to make soft faded jeans? |
Cellulases from Trichoderma fungus. Operate at safe temps and pH levels. Proteins that are readily degraded for removal from wastewater. |
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What bacteria can produce both cotton and polyester, and how is it done? |
Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Make cellulose by attaching glucose to simple chains in the outer membrane of the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils extrude through pores in the outer membrane then bundles twist into ribbons. |
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What bacteria can produce both cotton and polyester, and how is it done? |
Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Make cellulose by attaching glucose to simple chains in the outer membrane of the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils extrude through pores in the outer membrane then bundles twist into ribbons. |
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What is a safer way to bleach fabric that can be removed from fabric and wastewater by enzymes? |
Peroxide produced by yeast that survived washing machine conditions. Researchers from Novo Nordisk Biotech cloned a mushroom peroxidase gene in yeast that survived the conditions. |
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What bacteria can produce both cotton and polyester, and how is it done? |
Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Make cellulose by attaching glucose to simple chains in the outer membrane of the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils extrude through pores in the outer membrane then bundles twist into ribbons. |
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What is a safer way to bleach fabric that can be removed from fabric and wastewater by enzymes? |
Peroxide produced by yeast that survived washing machine conditions. Researchers from Novo Nordisk Biotech cloned a mushroom peroxidase gene in yeast that survived the conditions. |
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Who developed a method to produce indigo by using bacteria? |
Genoncor |
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What bacteria can produce both cotton and polyester, and how is it done? |
Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Make cellulose by attaching glucose to simple chains in the outer membrane of the cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils extrude through pores in the outer membrane then bundles twist into ribbons. |
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What is a safer way to bleach fabric that can be removed from fabric and wastewater by enzymes? |
Peroxide produced by yeast that survived washing machine conditions. Researchers from Novo Nordisk Biotech cloned a mushroom peroxidase gene in yeast that survived the conditions. |
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Who developed a method to produce indigo by using bacteria? |
Genoncor |
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What soil bacterium was the gene that converts the bacterial by-product indole to indigo? What bacteria was that gene put into? |
The gene was taken from Pseudomonas putida and put into Escherichia coli. Turns it blue. |
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What is it that over 25 bacteria make as a food reserve? What are they similar to? |
They make polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). They are similar to common plastics which are made from petroleum. |
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Bacteria |
Unicellular, prokaryotes (not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane). May form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings. |
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Bacteria |
Unicellular, prokaryotes (not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane). May form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings. |
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What is peptidoglycen and what kind of complex is it? It forms the cell wall of what microbe? |
Carbohydrate and protein complex, forms the cell wall of bacteria. |
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Bacteria |
Unicellular, prokaryotes (not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane). May form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings. |
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What is peptidoglycen and what kind of complex is it? It forms the cell wall of what microbe? |
Carbohydrate and protein complex, forms the cell wall of bacteria. |
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What is binary fission? |
Reproduction of bacteria by dividing into two equal cells. |
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Bacteria |
Unicellular, prokaryotes (not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane). May form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings. |
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What is peptidoglycen and what kind of complex is it? It forms the cell wall of what microbe? |
Carbohydrate and protein complex, forms the cell wall of bacteria. |
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What is binary fission? |
Reproduction of bacteria by dividing into two equal cells. |
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What are archaea? |
Prokaryotic cells. If they have a cell wall it lacks peptidoglycen. Divided into three main groups. |
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Bacteria |
Unicellular, prokaryotes (not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane). May form pairs, chains, clusters, or other groupings. |
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What is peptidoglycen and what kind of complex is it? It forms the cell wall of what microbe? |
Carbohydrate and protein complex, forms the cell wall of bacteria. |
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What is binary fission? |
Reproduction of bacteria by dividing into two equal cells. |
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What are archaea? |
Prokaryotic cells. If they have a cell wall it lacks peptidoglycen. Divided into three main groups. Not known to cause human disease. |
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What are the three main groups of archaea and where are the found? |
Methanogens-produce methane as a waste product from respiration
Extreme halophiles-salt loving, found in extremely salty environments.
Extreme thermophiles-heat loving, found in hot sulfurous water. |
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What are fungi? |
Eukaryotes (cells have a distinct nucleus containing DNA) surrounded by nuclear membrane. Unicellular or multicellular. Cannot carry out photosynthesis. Cell walls composed of chitin. |
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What are fungi? |
Eukaryotes (cells have a distinct nucleus containing DNA) surrounded by nuclear membrane. Unicellular or multicellular. Cannot carry out photosynthesis. Cell walls composed of chitin. |
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What are the unicellular forms of fungi called? |
Yeasts. They are oval and larger than bacteria. |
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What are fungi? |
Eukaryotes (cells have a distinct nucleus containing DNA) surrounded by nuclear membrane. Unicellular or multicellular. Cannot carry out photosynthesis. Cell walls composed of chitin. Reproduce sexually or asexually. |
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What are the unicellular forms of fungi called? |
Yeasts. They are oval and larger than bacteria. |
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What is the most typical type of fungi and what are the visible masses it forms? |
Mold. It forms visible masses called mycelia which are composed of hyphae that branch and intertwine. |
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