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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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  • 3rd side (hint)
MICROORGANISMS
ORGANISMS THAT ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN WITH THE UNAIDED EYE
GERM
RAPIDLY GROWING CELL
PATHOGEN
MICROBES THAT CAUSE DISEASE
WHAT CAUSES:
INFECTIOUS DISEASES?
INHERITED DISEASES?
CAUSED BY PATHOGENS
CAUSED BY GENETICS
BENEFITS OF MICROORGANISMS
1. DECOMPOSE ORGANIC WASTE
2. USE UP C02 PRODUCE O2
3. NITROGEN FIXATION
4. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
5. INSECTICIDES
6. FERMENTED FOODS
7. MEDICAL TREATMENTS
NITROGEN FIXATION
CONVERSION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN (N2) INTO USABLE FORMS (NITRATES, AMMONIA, ETC.)
ANABAENA SPECIES
&
RHIZOBIUM SPECIES
SPECIES INVOLVED IN NITROGEN FIXATION
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
ETHYL ALCOHOL & ACETONE
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (Bt)
BACTERIUM USED AS INSECTICIDE
YEAST
UNICELLULAR FUNGI
WHAT DOES YEAST PRODUCE?
ETHANOL & CARBON DIOXIDE
WHAT DOES ACETOBACTERIA DO?
FERMENTS ETHANOL TO PRODUCE ACETIC ACID (VINEGARS)
HOW ARE YOGURTS AND CHEESES MADE?
BACTERIA HYDROLYSES CASEIN (MILK PROTEIN) TO PRODUCE MILK SOLIDS AND LACTOSE (MILK SUGAR) THAT IS THEN FERMENTED TO PRODUCE THE ACIDS(SOUR TASTE)
ROLE OF MICROBES IN COFFEE & COCOA?
FRUITS ARE FERMENTED BY MICROBES TO SOFTEN HUSKS AND MAKE THE BEANS HARVESTABLE
PENICILLIUM
FUNGUS DISCOVERED BY ALEXANDER FLEMING
STREPTOMYCES - STREPTOMYCIN
SOIL BACTERIA FROM WHICH MAY ANTIBIOTICS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED
HUMANS USE KNOWLEDGE OF MICROBES TO:
PREVENT FOOD SPOILAGE
PREVENT DISEASE OCCURRENCE
PREVENT CONTAMINATION
LINNAEUS
ESTABLISHED THE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE
1735
THREE DOMAINS OF MICROBES
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
EUKARYA
PROKARYOTES?
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
CELL WALLS OF:
BACTERIA?
ARCHAEA?
FUNGI?
ALGAE?
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
CHITIN
CELLULOSE
HOW DO BACTERIA REPLICATE?
BINARY FISSION
ENERGY USED BY BACTERIA
CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & C02)
TYPES OF ARCHAEA
METHANOGENS
EXTREME HALOPHILES
EXTREME THERMOPHILES
KINGDOMS OF EUKARYA
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
TYPES OF PROTISTS
SOME ALGAE
PROTOZOA (MOBLIE)
FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
TYPES OF FUNGI
YEAST
MOLDS
MUSHROOMS
ENERGY USED BY FUNGI
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
ENERGY USED BY:
ALGAE
PROTOZOA
FUNGI
1.PHOTOSYNTHESIS & ORGANICS
2.ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
3.ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
TYPES OF PLANTAE
SOME ALGAE, MOSSES, FERNS, TREES & FLOWERING PLANTS
PHYLUMS OF HELMINTHS
PLATY-HELMINTHES (FLAT WORMS)
NEMATODA (ROUND WORMS)
CLASSES OF PLATYHELMINTHES
TREMATODA (FLUKES)
CESTOIDEA (TAPEWORMS)
DESCRIBE A VIRUS
ACELLULAR
DNA OR RNA CORE
SURROUNDED BY PROTEIN COAT
MAY HAVE LIPID ENVELOPE
NEED HOST TO REPLICATE
CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE OF:
1.BACTERIA
2.ARCHAEA
3.EUKARYA
1. ONE, CIRCULAR
2. ONE, CIRCULAR
3. 1+, LINEAR
RIBOSOMES OF:
1.BACTERIA
2.ARCHAEA
3.EUKARYA
1. 70S
2. 70S
3. 80S
BACTERIA METABOLIC TYPES
CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & CO2)
PHOTOHETEROTROPH (SUN & CARBON)
ARCHAEA METABOLIC TYPES
CHEMOAUTOTROPH (INORGANIC)
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN & CO2)
EUKARYA METABOLIC TYPES
CHEMOHETEROTROPH (ORGANIC)
PHOTOAUTOTROPH (SUN&H2O)
CHEMOAUTOTROPH
INORGANICS
CHEMOHETEROTROPH
ORGANICS
PHOTOAUTOTROPH
SUNLIGHT & CO2
PHOTOHETEROTROPH
SUNLIGHT & ORGANIC CARBON SOURCE
DESCRIBE A PIRON
SINGLE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES INFECTION
ACELLULAR
NO DNA/RNA
NO PLASMA MEMBRANE
CHEMOTHERAPY
TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS
2 TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
SYNTHETIC DRUGS OR ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBIOTICS
CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA AND FUNGI THAT INHIBIT OR KILL OTHER MICROBES
QUININE
TREE BARK CHEMICAL USED TO TREAT MALARIA
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
RECYCLE NUTRIENTS
DEGRADE SEWAGE
BIOREMEDIATION
DETOX POLLUTANTS
BIOTECHNOLOGY
USE OF MICROBES TO PRODUCE FOODS AND CHEMICALS
GENETIC ENGINEERING
PRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF PROTEINS INCLUDING VACCINES & ENZYMES.
GENE THERAPY
REPLACEMENT OF MISSING OR DEFECTIVE GENES IN HUMAN CELLS
BENEFIT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA
PROTECT CROPS FOR INSECTS & FREEZING
NORMAL MICROBIOTA (FLORA)
MICROBES NORMALLY PRESENT IN AND ON THE HUMAN BODY
PLACES MICROBIOTA ARE NOT NORMALLY FOUND
BLOOD, CSF, MUSCLE, NERVOUS TISSUE, BONE
MICROBIOTA ARE HELPFUL BECAUSE:
COMPETE WITH PATHOGENS
SECRETE TOXINS
PRODUCE NUTRIENTS
MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM
SECRETION OF TOXINS THAT INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF PATHOGENS
RESISTANCE
THE ABILITY OF THE BODY TO WARD OFF DISEASE
TYPES OF RESISTANCES
SKIN
STOMACH ACID
ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMICALS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PATHOGENIC MICROBE THAT COVERCOMES THE HOST'S RESISTANCE
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
NEW OR CHANGING DISEASES
REASONS FOR EID'S
ADAPTATION/MUTATION
GLOBAL TRAVEL
UNINHABITED LOCATIONS
CLIMATE CHANGE
WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS
WEST NILE VIRUS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES.
BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
MAD COW DISEASE CAUSED BY A PRION
ESCHERICHIA COLI O57:H7
TOXIN-PRODUCING STRAIN OF E. COLI CAUSING DIARRHEA
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA
MRSA
INVASIVE GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS
FLESH EATING BACTERIA
EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
EBOLA VIRUS CAUSES FATAL FEVER, HEMORRHAGING, AND BLOOD CLOTTING
HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME
VIRUS CAUSING RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS CARRIED BY RATS
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
CAUSED BY HIV VIRUS
BACCILLUS ANTHRACIS
BACTERIA THAT CAUSES ANTHRAX
PHYLOGENETIC HIERARCHY
GROUPING ORGANISMS ACCORDING TO COMMON PROPERTIES, SUGGESTIVE OF A COMMON ANCESTOR.
SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE
SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES TO PREVENT VARIETY DUE TO REGIONAL OR LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
USE OF TWO NAMES: GENUS AND SPECIES (SPECIFIC EPITHET) UNDERLINED OR ITALICIZED
TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
ALL LIVING THINGS DIVIDED AND SUBDIVIDED INTO GROUPS WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS
WHAT IS THE HIERARCHICAL ORDER OF TAXONOMIC SUBDIVISIONS?
DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
HOW ARE PROKARYOTES CLASSIFIED?
DIVIDED BY DOMAIN (BACTERIA OR ARCHEA) AND THEN PHYLUM (NO KINGDOM) BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS NOT RELATED TO REPRODUCTION
WHAT ARE THE FOUR EUKARYOTIC KINGDOMS?
PROTISTA, FUNGI, PLANTAE ANIMALIA
HOW ARE VIRUSES CLASSIFIED
THEY ARE NOT IN ANY OF THE 3 DOMAINS B/C THEY DO NOT HAVE CELLS & NEED LIVING HOSTS