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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A circulation transport system consists of what?
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A Fluid Medium: The Blood
A Pump: The Heart A Conducting System: The Blood Vessels |
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What are the functions of blood?
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Transportation (of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat and waste).
Regulation (of pH, body temperature & water content). Protection (against disease by white blood cells and antibodies). |
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Plasma composition
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7% Plasma Proteins
1% Other Solutes 92% Water ------------------------------------ Transports organic and inorganic molecules, formed elements, and heat. |
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Plasma Protein: Albumins
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60% - Major Contributor to osmotic pressure of plasma; transport lipids, steroid hormones.
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Plasma Protein: Globulins
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35% - Transport ions, hormones, lipids; immune function.
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Plasma Protein: Fibrinogen
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4% - Essential component of clotting system; can be converted to insoluble fibrin.
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Plasma Protein: Regulatory proteins
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<1% - Enzymes, proenzymes, hormones.
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What are some other solutes?
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-Electrolytes: common name for potassium/magnesium - anything found in blood.
-Nutrients: Basic elemtns of foods -Enzymes -Hormones -Gases: Respiratory gases; oxygen, carbon dioxide -Waste Products: (Never reach blood) Cellular metabolic waste. |
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What is the correct name for the formation of formed elements?
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Hemopoiesis
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Where does blood formation occur?
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Red Bone Marrow & Lymph Tissue
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Where do formed elements start from and what type of stem cell can they develop into?
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Hemocytoblast Stem Cell; Lymphoid OR Myeloid stem cells.
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Lymphoid stem cells produce the WBC's (white blood cells) called what?
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Lymphocytes
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Myeloid stem cells produce all other cells like what?
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RBC's, Platelets, & 4 WBC's.
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What is the correct terms for RBC's (red blood cells)?
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Erythocytes
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Which gender have more red blood cells?
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Males
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Describe a RBC.
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-Biconcave discs
-No nucleus -Each contain one hemoglobin molecule, 4 heme groups, and 4 iron ions. |
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What are the functions of RBC's?
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-Hemoglobin transport 97% of OXYGEN.
-Hemoglobin transport 23% of CARBON DIOXIDE. -Hemoglobin participate in the regulation of blood flow by releasing NITRIC OXIDE. |
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What is the name of the protein that Hemoglobin is composed of?
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Globin
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What type of molecule does each iron in the heme bind?
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Oxygen
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Where does hemoglobin bind oxygen and where is it released?
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Lungs; Tissues
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What is the formation of RBC's called?
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Erythropoiesis
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Where does the formation of RBC's occur?
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Red Bone Marrow
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What is the formation of RBC's?
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-Hemocytoblast
-Myeloid Stem Cells -Proerythroblasts -Erythroblast -Reticulocytes -Erythrocytes |
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What are the requirements for RBC formation?
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-Iron
-Amino Acids -Vitamin B12 |
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What is the name for the storage molecule?
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Ferritin
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What is the name for the transport molecule?
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Transferrin
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The requirements for RBC formation are supplied by what, and are recycled from storage from what two organs?
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Diet; Liver/Spleen
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What are some factors that contribute to the stiumlation of RBC formation?
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-Decreased RBC's number
-Tissue Hypoxia -Erythropoietin hormone secretion by the kidneys -Bone Marrow stimulation -Proerythoblasts -Erythrocytes |
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How long do RBC's live?
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80 - 120 days
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What happens when RBC's die?
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-Hemolysis in blood
-Liver and spleen phagocytes consume them ------------------------------------ *Hemoglobin is degraded to globin and heme -Amino acids of globin recycled -Heme split open releasinf iron which is recycled HEME -> Biliverdin -> Bilirubin in bile -> Urobilin in urine or stercobilin in feces |
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The A-B-AB-O blood types are determined by what?
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The presence or absence of the (A & B) antigens on the RBC's surface.
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The Rh blood types are determined by what?
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The presence or absence of the Rh antigens on the RBC's surface (Antigen - D)
Rh+ OR Rh- |
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What is the correct term for WBC's (white blood cells)?
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Leukocytes
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What is the general function of WBC's?
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Protection by immune response or phagocytosis.
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What is the whole count for WBC's?
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5,000 - 10,000 / uL
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What is the definition of a differential?
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Determines the percentage of each type of white blood cells.
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What are the types of WBC's?
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-Neutrophils
-Lymphocytes -Monocytes -Eosinophils -Basophils |
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What is the percentage of Neutrophils?
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50 - 70%
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What is the percentage of Lymphocytes?
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20 - 30%
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What is the percentage of Monocytes?
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2 - 8%
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What is the percentage of Eosinophils?
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2 - 4%
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What is the percentage of Basophils?
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< 1%
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Which WBC's are granular?
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-Netruophils
-Eosinophils -Basophils |
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Which WBC's are agranular?
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-Lymphocytes
-Monocytes |
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What is the function of WBC's that are granular?
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Phagocytosis and inflammatory response.
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What is the function of WBC's that are agranular?
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Antigen antibody reactions and as macrophages.
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Where is the location for formation of Lymphocytes?
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Lymph Tissue
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Where is the location for formation of Monocytes, Neutrophils, and Eosinophils?
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Red Bone Marrow
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What is the correct developmental pathway for Lymphocytes?
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Lymphoid Stem Cells -> Lymphoblasts -> ?
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What is the correct developmental pathway for Monocytes?
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Myeloid Stem Cells -> Monoblasts -> ?
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What is the correct developmental pathway for Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils?
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Myeloid Stem Cells -> Myeloblasts -> ?
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What is the function for Neutrophils?
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Phagocytes
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What is the function for Lymphocytes?
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Immunity
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What is the function for Monocytes?
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Tissue Macrophages
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What is the function for Eosinophils?
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Anti-Inflammatory
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What is the function for Basophils?
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Inflammation
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The word THROMBOPOIETIN means that it is from where?
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The Liver
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What is the function for Platelets?
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Plug the formation in blood clotting.
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What is the correct developmental pathway for platelets?
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Myeloid Stem Cell -> Megakaryoblast -> Megakaryocyte ->?
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What is the # of Platelets in the blood?
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150,000 - 500,000 / uL
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What type of nucleus is described in a Neutrophil?
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Segmented
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What type of nucleus is described in a Lymphocyte?
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Spherical
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What type of nucleus is described in a Monocyte?
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Kidney-Shaped
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What type of nucleus is described in a Eosinophil?
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Bilobed
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What type of nucleus is described in a Basophil?
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Bilobed
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What does HEMOSTASIS do?
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Responses that STOP bleeding.
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What are the three phases for HEMOSTASIS?
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-Vascular Phase: Contraction of injured blood vessel, to reduce the blood vessel diameter and decrease loss of blood.
-Platelets Phase: Platelets plug formation -Coagulation Phase: Clot clses broken blood vessel; clot consists of a gel of FIBRIN and trapped formed elements; requires presence and activation of clotting factors. |
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The clotting process is called what?
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Coagulation
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What are the three stages that occur during Coagulation?
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-Formation of PROTHROMBINASE
-Formation of THROMBIN -Formation of FIBRIN plug (clot) |
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PROTHROMBINASE: What happens in Extrinsic Pathway?
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Damaged Tissue -> Tissue Facotr -> Activation of clotting factor VII (7)
*Tissue outside becomes damaged. |
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PROTHROMBINASE: What happens in Intrinsic Pathway?
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Activation of platelets by collagen -> Platelets factor -> Activation of clotting factor X (10)
*Doesn't require damage of tissues or blood vessels. |
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As repair of a cut or damaged vessel proceeds, a series of enzymes catalyzed reactions slowly dissolved the clot........ what is the name of these enzymes catalyzed reactions?
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Fibrinolysis
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Clot Dissolving: What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the inactive protein?
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator
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What is the name of the inactive protein in Clot dissolving?
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Plasminogen
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What is the name of the active enzyme when converted from inactive in clot dissolving?
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Plasmin
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What is an intravasular clot?
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A clot within a closed vessel; damaged vessel linging or slowing of blood flow.
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When platelets aggregate and release clotting factors, the resulting clot is called what?
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Thrombus
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A moving piece of a clot is called what?
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Embolus
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A clot that moves downstream and blocks a smaller vessel is called what?
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Embolism
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Chemicals that decrease or prevent blood clotting are called what?
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Anticoagulants
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What is administered medically and it occurs naturally in our bodies, and it works by decreasing thrombin production?
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Heparin
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What is effective as a long-term anticoagulant and is an antagonist of vitamin K?
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Coumadin
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What is used in blood banks to keep the donated blood from clotting, and they both work by tying-up and removing calcium?
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EDTA and CPD
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What is the term for a high number of RBC's?
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Polycythemia
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What is the term for a low number of RBC's?
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Anemia
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What is the term for a high number of WBC's number?
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Leukocytosis
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What is the term for a low number of WBC's?
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Leukopenia
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What is the term for high WBC's number disease?
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Leukemias
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What is the term for a lack of blood coagulation?
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Hemophilia
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What is the term for a low platelets number?
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Thrombocytopenia
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What is the term for abnormal RBC's form?
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Sickle Cell Disease
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What is the term for bilirubin leak in the blood?
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Jaundice
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