Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many chambers does the heart have?
|
Four
|
|
|
Where is the heart located?
|
Mediastinum (area from the sternum to the vertebral column and between the lungs).
|
|
|
Where is the apex on the heart?
|
Bottom of the heart
|
|
|
Where is the base on the heart?
|
Top of the heart
|
|
|
Where is the anterior surface on the heart?
|
Under the sternum and ribs
|
|
|
Where is the inferior surface on the heart?
|
Rests on the diaphragm
|
|
|
Which direction does the right border face on the heart?
|
Faces right lung
|
|
|
Which direction does the left border face on the heart?
|
Faces left lung
|
|
|
Fibrous Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)
|
-Dense irregular Connetive Tissue
-Protects and anchors the heart, prevents overstretching |
|
|
Serous Pericardium
|
-Thin delicate membrane
-Made of two layers: +Parietal layer - outer layer +Visceral Layer - epicardium |
|
|
Where is the the Pericardial Cavity w/Pericardial Fluid?
|
Between the Parietal/Visceral Layers.
|
|
|
Left & Right Atriums
|
Thin walled receivers of blood from lungs and body that empty into ventricles.
|
|
|
Left & Right Ventricles
|
Thick walled pumps of blood to lungs and body.
|
|
|
When AV valves open and SL (semi-lunar) valves close.
|
Relaxation
-blood flows from atria into ventricles. |
|
|
When AV valves close and SL (sem-lunar) valves open.
|
Contraction
-blood flows from right ventricles into pulmonary trunk and from left ventricle into aorta. |
|
|
The opening and closing of the heart valves is done by the force of what?
|
Blood pushing
|
|
|
How does the blood flow through the heart?
|
-Vena Cava
-Right Atrium -Tricuspid Valve -Right Ventricle -Pulmonary Valve -Pulmonary Trunk & Arteries -Lungs -Pulmonary Veins -Left Atrium -Bicuspid Valve -Left Ventricle -Aortic Valve to Aorta |
|
|
When the blood flows from the Vena Cava to the Left Atrium.
|
Pulmonary Circulation
|
|
|
When the blood flows from the Bicuspid Valve to the Left Ventricle.
|
Systemic Circulation
|
|
|
What are the veins on the heart?
|
-Anterior Cardiac Vein
-Posterior Cardiac Vein -Middle Cardiac Vein -Small Cardiac Vein -Great Cardiac Vein -Coronary Sinus |
|
|
Epicardium
|
Visceral layer of serous pericardium.
|
|
|
Myocardium
|
Cardiac muscle layer is the bulk of the heart.
|
|
|
Endocardium
|
Chambers lining and valves cover.
|
|
|
What is the structure of the Cardiac Muscle?
|
-Striated
-Branched -Intercalated discs -Involuntary -Aerobic (Doesn't function without oxygen) |
|
|
Contractile Cardiac Muscle
|
Make all the myocardium; cause contraction of the heart chambers.
|
|
|
Autorhythmic Cardiac Muscle
|
Self-excitable like nerves; form the conduction system through the heart muscles; form the heart pacemaker.
|
|
|
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
|
Pacemaker
-In right atrium near entrance of superior vena cava -automatically depolarizes and starts each heartbeat |
|
|
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
|
Receives electrical signal from SA node, delays it then sends it to ventricles.
|
|
|
AV bundle (of His)
|
Receives signal from AV node
|
|
|
Right and Left Bundle Branches
|
-Formed by division of AV bundle
-Send signal to each ventricle |
|
|
Purkinje Fibers
|
Spread signal throughout ventricles
|
|
|
Why is the heart Intrinsic?
|
It has it's own pacemaker that starts each beat.
|
|
|
Systole
|
Heart muscles depolarization causes their contraction.
|
|
|
Diastole
|
Heart muscles repolarization causes their relaxation..
|
|
|
What do the alternating heart muscles Systoles and Diastoles produce?
|
The cardiac cycle
|
|
|
Cardiac Output
|
Is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute.
[H.R.] X [S.V.] |
|
|
Heart Rate
|
Number of heart beats in one minute
|
|
|
Stroke Volume
|
The amount of blood ejected by the heart in each beat.
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the stroke Volume: PRELOAD
|
[End-diastolic volume] Amount of blood in the ventricles before ejection.
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the stroke Volume: AFTERLOAD
|
Diastolic blood pressure in the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the stroke Volume: CONTRACTION FORCE
|
Of the Cardiac Muscles
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the heart rate: BLOOD CHEMISTRY
|
Hormones and electrolytes in the blood can change the heart rate.
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the heart rate: BODY TEMPERATURE
|
Fever speed up the heart rate.
|
|
|
Factors Affecting the heart rate: BLOOD PRESSURE
|
Big changes in the blood pressure can change the heart rate.
|
|
|
Tachycardia
|
A heart rate above 100/min
|
|
|
Bradycardia
|
A heart rate below 60/min
|
|
|
Asystole
|
Cardiac standstill, no contraction
|
|
|
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
|
Narrowing of the coronary arteries
|
|
|
Ischemia
|
Decreased blood flow
|
|
|
Pericarditis
|
Inflammation of the pericardium
|
|
|
Angina Pectoris
|
Chest Pain
|
|
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
Loss of living heart muscle cells
|
|
|
Arteriosclerosis
|
Thickening of the arterial walls
|
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
Hardening of arteries
|
|
|
Arrhythmias
|
Irregularity of heart rhythm
|
|
|
Heart failure
|
Reduced ability of the heart to pump blood.
|
|
|
Cardiac Acceleratory Center
|
Sympathetic impulses secreting
Norepinephrine increase the heart rate. |
|
|
Cardiac Inhibitory Center
|
Parasympathetic impulses secreting acetylcholine decrease the heart rate.
|
|
|
Right Coronary Artery
|
-Marginal Branch
-Posterior Interventricular Branch |
|
|
Left Coronary Artery
|
-Circumflex Branch
-Anterior Interventricular Branch |
|
|
P Wave
|
Atrial Depolarization
|
|
|
QRS Complex
|
Ventricular Depolarization
|
|
|
T Wave
|
Ventricular Repolarization
|
|
|
P-Q Interval
|
Time for the signal to travel from SA node to AV bundle
|
|
|
Q-T Interval
|
Time for both ventricular depolarization and repolarization
|
