Terms Biology Semester 1

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The basic unit of matter

Front 2

Compound

Back 2

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Front 3

Molecule

Back 3

Smallest unit of most compounds (covalent bond)

Front 4

Vander Waals Force

Back 4

When two molecules are close together and a slight attraction forms between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Front 5

Hydrogen Bond

Back 5

The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

Front 6

Cohesion

Back 6

The attraction between molecules of the same substance

Front 7

Adhesion

Back 7

The attraction between molecules of different substances

Front 8

Solution

Back 8

Components evenly distributed throughout

Front 9

Solvent

Back 9

The substance in which the solute dissolves

Front 10

Suspension

Back 10

Mixtures of water and undissolved material

Front 11

Lipid

Back 11

Made from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Not water soluble can be used to store energy

Front 12

Cell

Back 12

The basic unit of life

Front 13

Cell Theory

Back 13

1) All living things are made up of cells
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3) New cells are produced from existing cells

Front 14

Ribosome

Back 14

Small particles of RNA on which proteins are assembled

Front 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 15

Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials to be exported

Front 16

Golgi Apparatus

Back 16

Stack of flattened membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

Convert energy in food into compounds for the cell to use

Front 18

Lipid Bilayer

Back 18

regulates what enters and exits the cell and protects and supports the cell

Front 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 19

Molecules pass through special protein channels

Front 20

Receptor

Back 20

Signaling molecules bind to it to send chemical signals

Front 21

Pigment

Back 21

light-absorbing molecules that gather the sun's energy

Front 22

Thylakoid

Back 22

Saclike photosynthetic membranes

Front 23

Stroma

Back 23

Fluid portion of chloroplast

Front 24

NADP+

Back 24

Accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

Front 25

Photosynthesis

Back 25

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O ---> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

Front 26

Photosystem

Back 26

Cluster of proteins and chlorophyll in the thylakoids

Front 27

ATP Synthase

Back 27

A protein in the thylakoid membrane that allows H+ ions to pass through it

Front 28

Gradient

Back 28

The difference in charge and H+ ion concentration across the thylakoid membrane

Front 29

Cellular respiration

Back 29

The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

Front 30

Glycolysis

Back 30

The first set of reactions in cellular respiration produces pyruvic acid

Front 31

NAD+

Back 31

Carry 4 high energy electrons in respiration

Front 32

Krebs cycle

Back 32

In the presence of oxygen pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis passes into this second stage

Front 33

Matrix

Back 33

innermost compartment of the mitochondria and site of Krebs cycle

Front 34

Fermentation

Back 34

Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen

Front 35

Cyclin

Back 35

Protein that regulates the cell cycle