Biology Revision Semester 1

Front 1

What is an Antibiotic?

Back 1

A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

Front 2

Explain how bacteria can develop resistance to an antibiotic.

Back 2

Through natural selection.

Front 3

What are the four ways disease can be spread?

Back 3

Airborne- dust anddroplets in air, coughing and sneezing.

Common vehicle- through water

Contact- touching skin to skin

Vector borne- through saliva or eg. mosquito

Front 4

what are thetypes of micro-organisms that can cause disease.

Back 4

Fungi, bacteria, protozoa, virus

Front 5

Describe 4 ways our body prevents disease from entering the blood stream.

Back 5

saliva, mucous, skin, tears

Front 6

Explain how vaccination prevents the onset of a disease.

Back 6

The administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.

Front 7

State 3 ways disease can spread

Back 7

Air borne

Contact

Water borne

Front 8

Draw a labelled diagram of a virus particle.

Back 8

Front 9

Describe the work of B cells.

Back 9

Produce antibodies Antibodies can bind to antigens on the pathogens surface to either make the pathogen harmless, attract phagocytes. Allow quick response to the same infection in the future

Front 10

Describe the work of T cells

Back 10

Eliminate infected body cells These are the deadliest of all immune cells

Front 11

Describe the work of an Antigen.

Back 11

A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

Front 12

Be able to write a Letter to the Editor inresponse to an article on public health

Back 12

Attention, address, city, state, postal code, dear editor (state your reason for writing), state your case, include a call to action, end with a statement to support your case.

Front 13

Understandwhy the spread of emerging diseases can occur so rapidly in today’s world (e.g.densely populated cities and increased global travel)

Back 13

Human population growth, technological advances, and changing social behaviors lead to the selection of new microbial pathogens.

Front 14

Know that some diseases can be transmitted byvector.

Front 15

Know whatvaccinations are and how they work

Back 15

the application of small doses used to provide immunity against one or several diseases.

Front 16

describe the first line of defense.

Back 16

Saliva, Tears, skin, mucous linings, stomach acid.

Front 17

describe the second line of defense.

Back 17

Pathogen gets in the blood stream

the ingestion of invading organisms by certain types of white blood cells( called phagocytes)

The white blood cells are the most important part of our immune system.

There are no other ways that our body's immune system fights off infection Inflammatory response; blood flow is increased to infected areas

Histamine release; increase blood flow.

Front 18

describe the third line of defense.

Back 18

Neutrophils- Short life span (2-3 days). Can destroy up to 25 bacteria before death

Macrophages Bigger tougher and stronger than neutrophils Longer living Can destroy up to 100 bacteria before death.

Front 19

what is the link between the second and third lone of defense.

Back 19

The phagocyte takes the antigen to the helper T cell.

Front 20

Know whatan antibody is and how they help to eliminate pathogens from the body.

Back 20

Used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the variable region.

Front 21

Know whatan antigen is and how it helps to stimulate an immune response.

Back 21

An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.

Front 22

Know thecomponents (cells) of the immune system and how they work together to overcomeinvasion by pathogens.

Back 22

Tonsils, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, spleen, thymus

Front 23

Be able to assess the validity and reliabliity of anexperimental investigation minor.

Back 23

validity- how well does the experiment test the question at hand.

reliability- the ability of your results to be repeatable.

Front 24

Know thesources of emerging diseases.

Back 24

Newly emerging- diseases that arerecognized in the human host for the first time.

Reemerging- diseases that historicallyhave infected humans, but continue to appear.

Front 25

Define Antiseptics

Back 25

Antiseptics are something you apply to your skinif you have a cut or graze and it will repair it.

Front 26

Define disinfectants.

Back 26

A disinfectant is something you apply to solidsurfaces to clean them.