Biology Terms For 1St Semester

Front 1

the use of a plasma membrane cariier protein tomove molecules or ion from a region of lower concentraition to a higher concentraion;oppposes equilibrium and requires NRG

Back 1

active transport

Front 2

organic molecule made of an amino group and acid group; covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules

Back 2

amino acid

Front 3

Mitotic phase where daughter chromosome move toward poles of the spindle

Back 3

anaphase

Front 4

Nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups. ADP+P when broken down

Back 4

ATP

Front 5

organism that can capture NRG and synthesize organic molecules form inorganic nutrients

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autotroph

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splitting of parent cell into 2 daughter cells. Asexual reproduction for bacteria

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binary fission

Front 7

class of organic compounds includes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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carbohydrates

Front 8

continuous process where carbon circulates in air, water, and organisms of the biosphere

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carbon cycle

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smallest unit displays the properties of life

Back 9

cell

Front 10

repeating sequence in eukaryotes involving cell growth and nuclear division; G1,S,G2,M

Back 10

cell cycle

Front 11

structure surrounding plant, protisan, fungal, or bacterial cell; maintains cell's shape and rigidity

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cell wall

Front 12

Metabollic reactions using NRG from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid brokedown to produce ATP molecules

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cellular respiration

Front 13

green pigment absorbs solar NRG used for phostosynthesis

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chlorophyll

Front 14

membrane bounded organelle containing membranous thylakoids;where photosynthesis takes place

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chloroplast

Front 15

structure consisting DNA complexed with proteins that transmits gene form the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation

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chromosome

Front 16

3 base sequence in messanger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein, or termination of a translation

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codon

Front 17

gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another

Back 17

concentration gradient

Front 18

chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons

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covalent bond

Front 19

division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis

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cytokinesis

Front 20

contents of a cell between the nucleus (nucleoid) region of bacteria and the plasma membrane

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cytoplasm

Front 21

movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentraion; requires no NRG and tends to lead toward equal disribution

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diffusion

Front 22

(2n) cell condition in which 2 of each type of chromosome are present

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diploid

Front 23

Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of neucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; genetic material of nearly all organisms

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DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)

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allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote' masks the expression of recessive alleles

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dominant

Front 25

study of the the interactions of aganisms w/ other organisms and w/ the physical and chemical environment

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ecology

Front 26

passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bound electron carrier molecules from a higher to a lower NRG; NRG released is use for ATP synthesis

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electron transport chain

Front 27

process where substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking); includes receptor-mediated

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endocytosis

Front 28

organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular shape

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enzyme

Front 29

growth, particularly of a population, the increase occures in the same manner as a compound interest

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exponential growth

Front 30

passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell along a concentration gradient by a process that requires a carrier

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facilitated diffusion

Front 31

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose resulting in a gain of 2 ATP and end in products such as alcohol and lactate

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fermentation

Front 32

model for plasma mebrane based on the changing location and pattern of protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid bilayer

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fluid mosaic model

Front 33

genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits ; designated by letters ex: BB, Aa

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genotype

Front 34

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of ATP; end product is pyruvate

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glycolysis

Front 35

place where an organism lives and is able to survive and reproduce

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habitat

Front 36

(n) cell condition in which only one of each type of chromosome is present

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haploid

Front 37

processing unlike alleles for a particular trait

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heterozygous

Front 38

member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division; a homologue

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homologue chromosomes

Front 39

possesssing 2 identical alleles for a particular trait

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homozygous

Front 40

weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slughtly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule

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hydrogen bond

Front 41

supposition est. by reasoning after considerationof available evidence can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation

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hypothesis

Front 42

stages of the cell cycle (G1,s,G2) during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing

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interphase

Front 43

chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges

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ionic bond

Front 44

2 laws explaining NRG and its relationship and exchanges
1)law of conservation
2)NRG cannot be changed from one form to another w/o a loss of usable NRG

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Laws of Thermodynamics

Front 45

class of organic compunds that tends to be soluble in nonpolar solvents; includes fats and oils

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lipid

Front 46

membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes

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lysosome

Front 47

type of nuclear division that occcurs asa part of sexual reprodutction, in which the daughter cells reieive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations

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meiosis

Front 48

mitotic phase during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

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metaphase

Front 49

small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer-ex: glucose is a polymer of starch

Back 49

monomer