Teac 438 Quiz 1, Phonetics And Phonology

Front 1

intentionality

Back 1

Communicating a message on purpose through the use of direct language (i.e. not body language)

Assumed when discussing differences b/w animal and human communication

Front 2

reflexivity

Back 2

metalanguage; humans use language to talk about and reflect upon language

Front 3

displacement

Back 3

using language in a context outside of one's immediate environment

e.g. The soup at TGI Friday's last week was DELICIOUS.

Front 4

arbitrariness

Back 4

a word's written form and its meaning are not naturally related

e.g. A spoon is a "spoon" because our society agrees to refer to it as such

Front 5

productivity

Back 5

we mix up sounds we can form to create, theoretically, a countless number of meaning possessing words and/or phrases

e.g. flat [flæt], laughed [læft]

Front 6

cultural transmission

Back 6

the specific language we speak is NOT a genetic trait

e.g. A child born in China but raised in the U.S. would speak English, with an American accent

Front 7

duality

Back 7

language is made of two parts: sound and meaning

e. g. /g/ & /e/ mean nothing separately, but together they make /egg/

Front 8

phonetics

Back 8

the study of speech sounds

Front 9

acoustic phonetics

Back 9

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds

e.g. sound waves

Front 10

auditory phonetics

Back 10

the study of the reception of speech sounds (via the ear)

Front 11

articulatory phonetics

Back 11

the study of the production (or articulation) of speech sounds

Front 12

bilabials

Back 12

sounds formed using upper and lower lip

[b] [m] [w] voiced
[p] voiceless

Front 13

labiodentals

Back 13

sounds formed using lower lip and upper teeth

[v] voiced
[f] voiceless

Front 14

dentals

Back 14

sounds formed by the tip of the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth

[ð] voiced
[θ] voiceless

Front 15

alveolars

Back 15

sounds formed with front part of tongue touching the alveolar ridge

[d] [z] [n] [l] [r] voiced
[t] [s] voiceless

Front 16

velars

Back 16

sounds formed by back of tongue against the velum

[g] [ŋ] voiced
[k] voiceless

Front 17

glottals

Back 17

sounds formed without using tongue or mouth parts

[h] voiceless

Front 18

palatals

Back 18

sounds formed with the tongue on the hard palate

[dʒ] [ʒ] [j] voiced
[tʃ] [ʃ] voiceless

Front 19

stops

Back 19

MoA. Air stream is stopped (briefly) and abruptly released

[b] [d] [p] [t] [k] [g]

Front 20

fricatives

Back 20

MoA. Air stream obstructed and channeled through narrow opening, creating friction

[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ] [h]

Front 21

affricates

Back 21

MoA. Combination of stop and fricative. Air stream is stopped. Then obstructed release, causing friction.

[tʃ] [dʒ]

Front 22

nasals

Back 22

MoA. Velum lowered and air stream allowed through nose

[m] [n] [ŋ]

Front 23

liquids

Back 23

MoA. Air stream around sides of tongue as tip of the tongue makes contact with alveolar ridge

[l] [ɹ]

Front 24

glides

Back 24

MoA. Tongue moves to or from position of a vowel

[w] [j]

Front 25

glottal stop

Back 25

MoA. Vocal folds (glottis) close completely then released

[?]
e.g. Uh[?]oh

Front 26

glottal flap

Back 26

[D] or [ɾ]

rider/writer
medal/metal
ladder/latter

Front 27

[ɾ]

Back 27

glottal flap

Front 28

[D]

Back 28

glottal flap

Front 29

vowels (sounds)

Back 29

voiced via closure or obstruction in vocal tract

described by way tongue influences shape through which air stream passes (high/low, front/back)

Front 30

dipthong

Back 30

sound produced through the combination of two vowel sounds

vocal organs move form one vowel position to the other

Front 31

phonology

Back 31

study of systems and patterns of sounds in a language

Front 32

phoneme

Back 32

meaning distinguishing sounds in a language

abstract unit

represented by "//"

Front 33

phone

Back 33

sound a phoneme makes

Front 34

allophones

Back 34

all different versions of one phoneme

/t/: eighth, tar, butter

Front 35

minimal pair

Back 35

two words that are the same except for one phoneme in the same position

tar-bar, fat-fate

Front 36

phonotactics

Back 36

constraint on position or sequence of phonemes in a language

big, fig, rig, dig, wig BUT NOT lig or vig
or [fsɪg] or [rnɪg]

Front 37

syllable

Back 37

composed of an onset and a rhyme

onset: initial consonant sound
rhyme: vowel (nucleus) and any proceeding consonants (coda)

Front 38

coarticulation

Back 38

process of making one sound at almost the same time as the next sound

assimilation and elision are two types

Front 39

assimilation

Back 39

two sound segments occur in sequence and one is copied by the other

[hæv] [tu] = [hæftə]

Front 40

elision

Back 40

process of not pronouncing a sound segment meant to be pronounced

[ju] [ænd] [mi] = [juənmi]