Study Guide - 2Nd Mid - Ch. 6 - Bones & Skeletal

Front 1

What are these?

axial
appendicular
long
short
flat
irregular

Back 1

classifications of bones

Front 2

Which type of bone is longer than wide?

Back 2

long bone

Front 3

Which bone has a shaft and two ends?

Back 3

long bones

Front 4

What bone is cube shaped?

Back 4

short bones

Front 5

Where do you often find short bones?

Back 5

wrist and ankle

Front 6

What bone is shaped like a sesame seed?

Back 6

Sesamoid bones

Front 7

What kind of bone is special in that it forms in a tendon, like the patella?

Back 7

Sesamoid bone (check this, does not look right)

Front 8

What kind of bone is this?

thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved. Examples include the sternum, scapulae, ribs, and most skull bones.

Back 8

flat bones

Front 9

What kind of bones are these?

Have complicated shapes that fit none of the other classes. Examples include the vertebrae and the hip bones.

Back 9

irregular bones

Front 10

What kind of bones are the hips and vertebrae?

Back 10

irregular bones

Front 11

What does this list describe:

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) mineral and growth factor storage
5) blood cell formation

Back 11

functions of bones

Front 12

What are the five functions of bones?

Back 12

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) mineral and growth factor storage
5) blood cell formation

Front 13

These are the structural elements for what kind of bone?

1) compact
2) spongy bone
3) trabeculae
4) diaphysis
5) medullary cavity
6) epiphysis
7) epithyseal line
8) articular cartilage
9) periosteum
10) endosteum
11) osteoblasts
12) osteoclasts

Back 13

long bone structure

Front 14

What is the tubular shaft of a long bone?

Back 14

diaphysis

Front 15

What is the central marrow cavity in the long bone called?

Back 15

medullary cavity

Front 16

What are the bone ends called in the long bone?

Back 16

epiphysis

Front 17

What is the epiphyseal line on the long bone?

Back 17

a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the bone. aka epiphyseal plate.

Front 18

What is this?

a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen the long bone. aka epiphyseal plate.

Back 18

epiphyseal line

Front 19

What is the membrane that covers long bones and is glistening white and double-layered?

Back 19

periosteum membrane

Front 20

What are bone forming cells called?

Back 20

osteoblasts

Front 21

What are bone destroying cells called?

Back 21

osteoclasts

Front 22

Internal bone surfaces are covered with a delicate connective tissue membrane called what?

Back 22

endosteum

Front 23

In the flat bones, the spongy bone is called what?

Back 23

diploe

Front 24

Hematopoietic tissue is also know as red marrow, true or false?

Back 24

true

Front 25

What is the structural unit of the compact bone?

Back 25

osteon

Front 26

What is the osteon also known as?

Back 26

Haversian system

Front 27

What does this decribe?

Each ______ is an elongated cylinder oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone.

Back 27

osteon

Front 28

Functionally, ________ are tiny weight bearing pillars.

Back 28

osteons

Front 29

What does this describe?

A group of hollow tubes of bone martrix, one placed outside the other like the growth rings in a tree trunk.

Back 29

osteon

Front 30

Each matrix tube in an osteon is called a what?

Back 30

lamella

Front 31

Lamella collagen fibers run one way on one and the other way on the next.

true or false

Back 31

true

Front 32

What runs through the core of each osteon is the central or ______ canal.

Back 32

Haversian

Front 33

Spider shaped mature bone cells are called what?

Back 33

osteocytes

Front 34

Where do you find osteocytes?

Back 34

lacunae

Front 35

Hairlike canals called ________ connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal.

Back 35

canaliculi

Front 36

In spongy bone, the small needle-line flat pieces are called what?

Back 36

trabeculae

Front 37

Bone has both organic and inorganic components.

Its organic components include the cells and the ______ (which is the organic part of the matrix).

Back 37

osteoid

Front 38

Osteoid make up about how much of the matrix?

Back 38

1/3

Front 39

The balance of bone tissue (65% by mass consists of hydroxyapatites aka _____ salts.

Back 39

mineral

Front 40

What two things allow bones to be exceedingly durable and strong without being brittle?

Back 40

the proper combination of organic and inorganic matrix elements.

Front 41

Except for the clavicles, essentially all bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull form by __________ ossification.

Back 41

endochondral

Front 42

What process begins in the second month of development, uses hyaline cartilage "bones" formed earlier as models, or patterns for bone construction?

Back 42

endochondral ossification

Front 43

The formation of a long bone typically begins in the center of the hyaline cartilage shaft and a region called the ______ ossification center.

Back 43

primary

Front 44

Secondary ossification reproduces almost exactly the events of primary ossification, except that the spongy bone in the interior is retained and no medullary cavity forms in the ________.

Back 44

epiphyses