Step 1 - Pharm - Aeds

Front 1

MOA of phenytoin

Back 1

Inactivates Na channels (use-dependent). Inhibits glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neurons
[also used as an antiarrhythmic]

Front 2

MOA of carbamazepine

Back 2

Inactivates Na channels
[like class I antiarrhythmics]

Front 3

MOA of lamotrigine

Back 3

Blocks voltage-gated Na channels
(like an antiarrhythmic)

Front 4

MOA of gabapentin

Back 4

Increases GABA release

Front 5

MOA of topiramate

Back 5

Blocks Na channels, increases GABA action
(like lamotrigine; like anti-arrhythmics)

Front 6

MOA of phenobarbital

Back 6

Increases GABA(A) action by increasing DURATION of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing

Front 7

MOA of valproic acid

Back 7

Inactivates Na channels, increases GABA concentration

Front 8

MOA of ethosuximide

Back 8

Blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels

Front 9

MOA of benzodiazepines

Back 9

Increases GABA(A) action by increasing FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing. Binds to an allosteric site on the receptor, unlike barbiturates.

Front 10

These two seizure meds are not given for partial seizures at all

Back 10

Ethosuximide (given for absence seizures), benzodiazepines

Front 11

First line prophylaxis for status epilepticus

Back 11

Phenytoin
("P" for prophylaxis)

Front 12

First line treatment for acute status epilepticus

Back 12

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
[vs phenytoin, which is 1st line prophylaxis]

Front 13

First line treatment for absence seizures

Back 13

Ethosuximide

Front 14

First line drugs (3) for tonic-clonic seizures

Back 14

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid

Front 15

These are the only two drugs used to treat absence seizures

Back 15

Valproic acid, ethosuximide

Front 16

These are the only two drugs used to treat status epilepticus

Back 16

Phenytoin, benzodiazepines

Front 17

First line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

Back 17

Carbamazepine

Front 18

This anti-epileptic drug is also used for peripheral neuropathy

Back 18

Gabapentin

Front 19

First line AED for pregnant women, and children

Back 19

Phenobarbital

Front 20

This AED is also used to treat myoclonic seizures

Back 20

Valproic acid

Front 21

First line to prevent seizures of eclampsia

Back 21

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

Front 22

This AED is used in seizures of eclampsia, though it is not first line

Back 22

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)

Front 23

This AED causes agranulocytosis

Back 23

Carbamazepine

Front 24

This AED causes diplopia, ataxia, liver toxcity, teratogenesis, and induction of CYP450 among other things

Back 24

Carbamazepine

Front 25

This AED causes GI distress, urticaria, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Back 25

Ethosuximide

Front 26

These AEDs are inducers of CYP450

Back 26

Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin

Front 27

This AED causes nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenesis, SLE-like syndrome and CYP450 induction

Back 27

Phenytoin

Front 28

This AED causes GI distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, neural tube defects (spina bifida), tremor and weight gain

Back 28

Valproic acid

Front 29

This AED causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome as its sole notable side effect

Back 29

Lamotrigine

Front 30

Gabapentin can cause these CNS effects

Back 30

Sedation, ataxia

Front 31

This AED can cause kidney stones

Back 31

Topiramate

Front 32

Describe Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Back 32

Prodrome of malaise and fever, followed by rapid onset erythematous/purpuric macules (oral, ocular, genital), which necrose and slough.

Front 33

This AED is also a class IB antiarrythmic

Back 33

Phenytoin

Front 34

This AED causes megaloblastic anemia

Back 34

Phenytoin

Front 35

These are the barbiturates (4)

Back 35

Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital
(vs the benzos)

Front 36

Indications for barbiturates

Back 36

Anxiety, seizures, insomnia

Front 37

This barbiturate is used for induction of anesthesia

Back 37

Thiopental

Front 38

This class of drugs is contraindicated in porphyria

Back 38

Barbiturates

Front 39

These are the benzodiazepines (8)

Back 39

Diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolam (fastest acting)

Front 40

Indications for benzodiazepines

Back 40

Anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus (lorazepam, diazepam), detoxification (especially EtOH withdrawal--delirium tremens), night terrors, sleep walking

Front 41

These benzodiazepines are first line treatment for status epilepticus

Back 41

Lorazepam, diazepam

Front 42

MOA of flumazenil

Back 42

Benzodiazepine antagonist.
Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose

Front 43

Treatment of barbiturate overdose

Back 43

Management of symptoms (assisted respiration, increase blood pressure)
[no antidote per se is given]

Front 44

MOA of flumazenil

Back 44

Competitive GABA receptor blocker

Front 45

These drugs are safer than these drugs

Back 45

Benzodiazepines are safer than barbiturates. Barbiturates increase duration of Cl- channel opening, whereas benzodiazepines increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening