Statistics Test 1 Ch.1-3

Front 1

Data

Back 1

Collections of observations (such as measurements, genders, survey, responses)

Front 2

Variable

Back 2

a) Characteristics for _members_ of population_.

b) Characteristics __differ___ across members.

Front 3

Descriptive Statistics

Back 3

Methods for _organizing and _summarizing_ information. Includes the construction of _graphs, charts, and tables and the calculation of various _descriptive_ measures such as _averages, measures of variations, and percentiles__.

Front 4

Qualitative

Back 4

Non-numerical
Example: gender, football team, mental disorders, diseases, type of crime, baseball team.

Front 5

Quantitative

Back 5

Numerical

Front 6

Discrete

Back 6

Countable
Example: No. of students, No. of computers, players jersey numbers, No. of shoes, money.

Front 7

Continuous

Back 7

Measurable
Example: height, cooking measurements, length of the driveway, age (time).

Front 8

Ordinal

Back 8

The data can be _ordered, but the differences between data values are meaningless_.

Front 9

Interval

Back 9

The data can be _ordered___ and _the differences between data values_ are meaningful.

Front 10

Ratio

Back 10

The data can be _ordered_, differences and _ratios_ are meaningful, and there is a place for _a meaningful zero value__.

Front 11

Nominal

Back 11

The data consists of _names, labels, or categories__.

Front 12

Parameter

Back 12

a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a _population_.

Front 13

Statistic

Back 13

a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a _sample__.

Front 14

Inferential Statistics

Back 14

Drawing conclusions about a _population_ based on a sample.

Front 15

Color of product packaging

Back 15

example of nominal

Front 16

Names of new products

Back 16

example of nominal

Front 17

Salesperson’s performance: below average, average, above average

Back 17

example of ordinal

Front 18

Gross income for each of the past 5 years

Back 18

example of ratio

Front 19

Temperature in CEO’s private office

Back 19

example of interval

Front 20

Of the 800 U.S. kindergarten teachers polled, 32% say that “Knowing the alphabet” is an essential skill.

Back 20

example of descriptive statistics

Front 21

Of all U.S. kindergarten teachers, 32% say that “Knowing the alphabet” is an essential skill.

Back 21

example of inferential statistics

Front 22

Random Sampling

Back 22

selection so that each individual member has an __equal chance___ of being selected.

Front 23

Simple Random Sampling

Back 23

of n subjects selected in such a way that every possible __sample of the same size n__ has the same chance of being chosen.

Front 24

Stratified Sampling

Back 24

subdivide the population into __at least two different subgroups _ that share the __same characteristics, then draw a sample from each subgroup. (or stratum)
Example: Even amount of number women and men in a group

Front 25

Systematic Random Sampling

Back 25

Select some starting point and then select ___every kth element__ in the population.
Example: To find a number with a “th” at end, 8th and 9th etc.

Front 26

Cluster Sampling

Back 26

Divide the population area into
___selections (or clusters); randomly select some of those clusters; choose __all members__ from selected clusters.

Front 27

Convenience Sampling

Back 27

use results that are easy to get.

Front 28

Voluntary response sample (self-selected sample)

Back 28

one in which the respondents themselves decide __whether to be included___.
In this case, valid conclusions can be made only _about the specific group of people__ who agree to participate and not _about the population_.
(worse kind of sampling)

Front 29

College students are waiting in line for registration. Every eighth person in line is surveyed.

Back 29

example of Systematic Sampling

Front 30

College students are waiting line for registration. Students are asked to volunteer to respond to a survey.

Back 30

example of Convenience Sampling

Front 31

In a large high school, a few students from every homeroom are randomly selected to participate in a survey.

Back 31

example of Stratified Sampling

Front 32

An accountant uses a random number generator to select ten accounts for audit.

Back 32

example of Simple Random Sampling

Front 33

To determine students’ opinions of a new registration method, a college randomly selects five majors. All students in the selected majors are surveyed.

Back 33

example of Cluster Sampling

Front 34

Observational Study

Back 34

Researchers observe _characteristics and take _measurements____. Observational studies only reveal __association__.

Front 35

Designed Experiment

Back 35

Researchers impose __treatments and __controls___ and then _observe characteristics and take _measurements_. Designed experiments can help establish _causation__.

Front 36

A study over 6-years of 3800 people over the age of 65 was done concerning the death rate of “lefties” compared to “righties.” It was found that there was no difference in the death rate.

Back 36

example of Observational study

Front 37

2. Researchers randomly assigned 39876 healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternative days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event.

Back 37

example of Experiment

Front 38

How to calculate the "Class Width"

Back 38

max. subtracted to min. divided by/ the number# of classes. If answer has a decimal round up!

Front 39

what symbol is sample mean?

Back 39

(-)x

Front 40

what symbol is sample median?

Back 40

(~)x

Front 41

what symbol is sample standard deviation?

Back 41

s

Front 42

what symbol is population standard deviation?

Back 42

σ

Front 43

what symbol is population mean?

Back 43

µ

Front 44

what symbol is population size?

Back 44

N

Front 45

what symbol is sample size?

Back 45

n

Front 46

How to calculate GPA or grades using STATCRUNCH?

Back 46

Stats>calculators>customs

Front 47

How do you calculate CV (coefficient of variation)?

Back 47

CV = Standard Deviation divided by/ Mean multiply by 100

Front 48

What is the 5# summary?

Back 48

Min, Q1, Q2, Q3, max

Front 49

How to do you calculate Chebyshev method?

Back 49

1.) The Mean subtracted to the number 2 and multiply the answer to the Standard Deviation.
2.) The Mean added to the number 2 and multiply the answer to the Standard Deviation.
The two answers will be "in between" or # - #

Example: 88.4286 – 2 (12.7914) = 62.8458
88.4286 + 2 (12.7914) = 114.0114
75 % built-up roads will have between 62.8458 – 114.0114 accidents

Front 50

How to calculate the Z- score?

Back 50

The number corresponding in the question subtract it to the Mean and then divide by/ 2.

Example:
Find the z-score corresponding to 25 pounds of garbage.
z = 25 – 28/ 2 = -1.5

Front 51

How to calculate "Relative Frequency"?

Back 51

Take the added result of the frequency and divide it by the number in each column in the frequency's table.

Front 52

How to calculate "Frequency"?

Back 52

Use STATCRUNCH and add the total of frequency of each set of class limits-upper class limits. Then add the total of frequency's in your table.

Front 53

How to calculate "Class Boundaries"?

Back 53

Take the class limits and deduct half a point less and half a point more from the max. and min.

For example:
Class Limits
11-14
15-18
19-22
23-26
27-30

Class Boundaries:
10.5 – 14.5
14.5 – 18.5
18.5 – 22.5
22.5- 26.5
26.5 – 30.5