Spom Exam 3 - Foregut & Portal System- Powerpoint Cards

Front 1

The esophagus, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen make up what gut?

Back 1

Foregut

Front 2

What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta and what gut do they supply?

Back 2

Celiac artery - supplies the foregut

Superior mesenteric artery - supplies the midgut

Inferior mesenteric artery - supplies the hindgut

Front 3

The celiac trunk branches off of what vessel and what are the 3 names of it's branches?

Back 3

Branches off the anterior aorta about an inch below the diaphragm and it is about an inch long.

Its branches are:

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

Front 4

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk, and what do they supply?

Back 4

Left gastric artery - supplies the cardiac end of stomach, lesser curvature of stomach, and gives off esophogeal branch, which supplies the abdominal portion of esophagus

Splenic artery - longest and largest of the branches. Runs along upper border of pancreas. It supplies the spleen and gives off gastro-omental branch, which supplies the greater curvature of stomach

Common hepatic artery - travels to the right becoming right gastric (which supplies lesser curvature of stomach and anastomoses with left gastric)
-Branches into gastroduodenal --> gastro-omental (anastomoses with left gastro-omental) <-- splenic drains here.
-The gastroduodenal branches into anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal

Front 5

What artery branches into proper hepatic artery?

Back 5

Common hepatic artery

Front 6

What artery gives rise to cystic artery?

Back 6

Right hepatic artery

Front 7

Describe branches of venous blood supply starting with inferior mesenteric vein

Back 7

IMV --> Splenic --> Portal vein

Front 8

Describe branches of venous blood supply starting with superior mesenteric vein

Back 8

SMV --> Portal vein

Front 9

What two major veins drain into portal vein?

Back 9

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Front 10

Describe branches of venous blood supply starting with portal vein

Back 10

Portal vein --> sinusoid --> central vein --> sublobular --> 2-3 hepatic veins --> inferior vena cava

Portal vein blood then flows into the portal triads to the sinusoids to the central veins to the sublobular veins to the hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava

Front 11

What is the function, location, and structure of the esophagus?

Back 11

Function - transmit food to stomach

Location - posterior mediastinum, posterior to trachea, passes through diaphragm at esophogeal hiatus

Structure - upper 1/3 is skeletal muscle. Lower 2/3 is smooth muscle

Front 12

What is the function, location, and 4 parts of the structure of the stomach?

Back 12

Function - reservoir for food

Location - upper left quadrant fixed at ends and movable in middle

Structure - four parts:
Cardia= on left inferior to apex of heart, receives the esophagus
Fundus corpus
Pylorus
Corpus (body)

Front 13

What are the 3 internal structures of the stomach?

Back 13

Rugae
Gastric pits
Gastric glands

Front 14

_________ curvature of the stomach is concave and is attached to the ________ omentum.

Back 14

Lesser

Front 15

________ curvature of the stomach is convex and is attached to the _________ omentum.

Back 15

Greater

Front 16

Name the 4 parts of the duodenum

What structure is at the duodenal jejunal junction?

Back 16

1st part = from pylorus of stomach
2nd part = receives bile and pancreatic ducts
3rd part = longest
4th part = connects with jejunum

Ligament of Trietz is at the duodenal jejunal junction

Front 17

What is the largest organ in the body?

Back 17

Liver

Front 18

What is the function, location and structure of the liver?

Back 18

Function - Processing of absorbed nutrients and detoxification

Location - superior abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm and covered anteriorly by ribs and costal cartilage

Structure - largest gland/organ in body. Divided into large right/smaller left lobes by falciform ligament

Front 19

The right lobe of the liver is subdivided into what 2 lobes?

Back 19

the quadrate and caudate lobes

Front 20

What is the thin structure surrounding the liver?

Back 20

Glisson's Capsule

Front 21

What vessel of the liver is oxygen-poor but nutrient rich?

Back 21

The portal vein

Front 22

What liver vessel is oxygen-rich?

Back 22

Hepatic arteries

Front 23

What vessel of the liver supplies 75% of the liver's blood?

Back 23

The Portal vein

Front 24

What vessel of the liver supplies 25% of the livers blood?

Back 24

Hepatic arteries

Front 25

*Described the branching of vessels to the liver starting with the celiac trunk

Back 25

Celiac trunk gives rise to the common hepatic artery which gives rise to the hepatic artery proper which gives rise to the left and right hepatic arteries

Front 26

Described the bare area of the liver

Back 26

No visceral peritoneum posteriorly where the liver contacts the diaphragm between coronary ligaments.

Front 27

What ligament attaches liver to diaphragm?

Back 27

Coronary ligaments

Front 28

What ligaments are between bare area and coronary ligaments of liver?

Back 28

Triangular ligaments

Front 29

What is the function, location and structure of the pancreas?

Back 29

Function-production and secretion of hormones and digestive enzymes

Location-posterior to stomach from concavity of duodenum to spleen

Structure-head, neck and tail

Front 30

What duct goes through entire pancreas and what duct does it join when it exits duodenal papilla?

Back 30

Main pancreatic duct joins common bile duct

Front 31

What structure secretes hormones in the pancreas?

Back 31

Islets of langerhans

Front 32

What duct is a branch of the main duct in the head of the pancreas and opens independently 1 inch above papilla?

Back 32

Accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini)

Front 33

What is the name of the posterior projection of the inferior part of the head of the pancreas?

Back 33

Uncinate process

Front 34

The tail of the pancreas touches what organ?

Back 34

The spleen

Front 35

Describe the three blood supply branchings to the pancreas starting with:
-splenic
-gastroduodenal
-superior mesenteric artery

Back 35

-Splenic--> dorsal and greater pancreatic arteries --> body and tail
-Gastroduodenal--> anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal --> Head and neck
-superior mesenteric artery --> anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal --> Head and neck

Front 36

What is the function, location and structure of the gallbladder?

Back 36

Function- Storage and concentration of bile

Location- visceral surface of right lobe of liver

Structure- neck, body, fundus holds 50-100 mL of bile

Front 37

Describes the branching of ducts from the gallbladder starting with right and left hepatic duct

Back 37

Right and left hepatic duct --> common hepatic duct

Common hepatic duct and cystic duct --> common bile duct (pierces medial wall of second part of duodenum with main pancreatic duct)

Front 38

What is the major duodenal papilla on the luminal side of the gallbladder?

Back 38

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)

Front 39

What wraps around the ampulla and is smooth muscle wrapping around the papilla terminan to the common bile duct and pancreatic duct?

Back 39

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi)

Front 40

What is the function and location of the spleen?

Back 40

Function- production of lymphocytes, immunological monitoring and filtering of blood

Location- upper left quadrant, posterior to stomach and inferior to diaphragm

Front 41

What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?

Back 41

The spleen

Front 42

What is the name of the system with two sets of capillaries in Venus arm of circulatory system?

Back 42

Portal system

Front 43

The portal system has systemic and anastomoses which communicate between what two systems?

Back 43

Portal and systemic circulatory systems

Front 44

Blockage of the liver would cause pressure in what vessel?

Back 44

Portal vein and its branches

Front 45

What are the 4 portal systemic anastomoses?

Back 45

1 - Colic veins
2 - Lower 1/3 of anal canal (hemorrhoids)
3 - Paraumbilical area (caput medusae)
4 - Lower 1/3 of esophagus (esophogeal varices)

Front 46

What is Ascites?

Back 46

Occurs at colic veins

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Cirrhosis alters sodium and water homeostasis

Diuretics

Paracentesis

Front 47

Lymphatic vessels follow what system?

Back 47

Vascular system

Front 48

Celical nodes are in what gut?

Back 48

Foregut

Front 49

Superior mesenteric nodes are in what gut?

Back 49

Midgut

Front 50

Inferior mesenteric nodes are in what gut?

Back 50

Hindgut

Front 51

What drains all nodes which in turn goes through the diaphragm with aorta to become the thoracic duct?

Back 51

Cisterna chyli

Front 52

What nerve provides sympathetic innervation of the foregut?

Back 52

Greater splanchnic nerve

Front 53

What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?

Back 53

Vagus nerve

Front 54

What nerves merge at the celiac plexus?

Back 54

Greater splanchnic and vagus nerves