Spom Exam 3 - Pelvic Viscera - Powerpoint Cards

Front 1

What Passes posteriorly through the rectal hiatus in the pelvic diaphragm?

Pelvic diaphragm helps to maintain fecal continence and facilitate defecation

Back 1

Rectum

Front 2

What contains pectinate line and external anal sphincter?

Back 2

Anal canal

Front 3

What divides the upper 2/3 and lower 1/3 of the anal canal?

Back 3

Pectinate line

Front 4

What is the tube that conducts urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Back 4

Ureter

Front 5

#Stones commonly lodge at sites where the ureter is constricted:

What 3 locations?

Back 5

-At the ureteric junction of the renal pelvis
-As the ureter crosses over the pelvic inlet
-Where the ureter enters into the urinary bladder

Front 6

#Collateral circulation to the ureters is provided by branches from several arteries:

What 3 arteries and from where do they branch?

Back 6

-Internal Iliac
-Common Iliac
-Uterine artery (females only)

Direct branches from abdominal aorta

Front 7

What is structure?
-Located in the true pelvis when empty
-Expands into the false pelvis when full
-Ureters enter on posterior aspect

Back 7

Urinary Bladder

Front 8

#Urinary Bladder:

What muscle?
-Smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder
-Remains relaxed to allow the bladder to store urine
-Contracts during urination

Back 8

Detrusor Muscle

Front 9

#Urinary Bladder:

What is the name of this special region?
-Triangular region on the posterior aspect of the interal bladder formed by the two uretral orifices and the internal urethral orifice

Back 9

Trigone

Front 10

What extends from the internal urethral orifice in the urinary bladder to the genitals?

Back 10

Urethra

Front 11

#Describe the Interal urethral sphincter

Back 11

-Located at the inferior end of the urinary bladder and the proximal end of the urethra
-Continuation of the detrusor muscle (smooth muscle)
-Under autonomic control
-Sympathetic signalling maintains tonic contraction
-Parasympathetic signaling induces relaxation
-Primary muscle for prohibiting release of urine from the bladder
-Less well defined in females
-Functions to prevent reflux of semen into the male bladder during ejaculation

Front 12

What are 4 regions of male urethra?

Back 12

-Preprostatic
-Prostatic
-Membranous
-Penile

Front 13

What are the 2 structures of the prostatic urethra?

Back 13

-Seminal colliculus
-Prostatic utricle

Front 14

What is the structure?

-Overlies the urethral crest
-Location of drainage of the prostate glands into the prostatic urethra

Back 14

# Seminal colliculus

Front 15

What is the structure?

-Indentation in the urethra at the apex of the urethral crest, overlying the seminal colliculus
-Embryologic remnant, homologue of the female uterus and vagina
-Landmark for where the ejaculatory duct enters the prostatic urethra

Back 15

# Prostatic Utricle

Front 16

What urethral region?

-Seminal colliculus
-Prostatic utricle

Back 16

Prostatic Urethra

Front 17

#What urethral region?

-Inferior to the prostate, in the deep perineal pouch
-Bulbourethral glands are found posterior to this region, but drain into the penile urethra

Back 17

Membranous

Front 18

#What urethral region?

-Runs along the length of the penis
-Bulbourethral gland openings in proximal aspect

Back 18

Penile (Spongy) Urethra

Front 19

What structure?

-Carries sperm from the testis to the epididymis
-12-20 of these open individually into the epididymis

Back 19

Efferent ducts

Front 20

What structure?

-Single highly coiled tube, ~15 cm coiled
-Located along the posterior aspect of each testis
-Modifies the surface of the sperm and prepares them to become motile once released into the female reproductive tract
-Stores sperm prior to ejaculation

Back 20

Epididymis

Front 21

What structure?

-Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
-Part of the spermatic cord
-Located along the rear of the scrotum

Back 21

Ductus (vas) deferens

Front 22

#What procedure?

-Procedure involving severing of the vas deferens for the purpose of sterilization
-Performed as a minor outpatient surgery due to ease of access of the vas deferens through the posterior of the scrotum

Back 22

Vasectomy

Front 23

What structure?

-Formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle, within the prostate gland.
-Pass through the prostate and open into the urethra at the seminal colliculus

Back 23

Ejaculatory Duct

Front 24

What structure?

-Paired simple tubular glands located posteroinferior to the urinary bladder, superolateral to the prostate gland
-Contribute ~70% of the fluid component of semen

Back 24

Seminal Vesicles

Front 25

What structure?

-30-50 tubuloalveolar glands that drain independently into the prostatic urethra
-Contributes 30%-75% of the fluid component of semen

Back 25

Prostate

Front 26

What structure?

-Compound tubuloalveolar glands located posteriolateral to the membranous urethra
-Drain into the penile urethra
-Produce pre-ejaculate fluid to flush out residual urine or foreign matter in the urethra prior to ejaculation

Back 26

Bulbourethral Gland

Front 27

What structure?

-Pouch located in the peritoneum between the rectum and the bladder
-Formed by a folding of the peritoneum, which overlies the superior aspect of bladder and the anterosuperior aspect of the rectum

Back 27

Rectovesical pouch

Front 28

Regions within the prostate:

Surrounds the ejaculatory ducts

Back 28

Central zone

Front 29

Regions within the prostate:

-Surrounds the proximal prostatic urethra
-Site of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 29

Transition zone

Front 30

Regions within the prostate:

-Main glands located here
-Site of prostate carcinoma
-Subcapsular portion of the posterior aspect of the prostate
-Surrounds the distal urethra

Back 30

Peripheral zone

Front 31

Name the cancer:

-Second most frequent cancer in males, sixth leading cause of cancer death in males
-Worldwide incidence of ~250,000
-Incidence increases >65 yrs
-Primary site is within the peripheral zone of the prostate
-Due to posterior location of this zone, a growth here can be readily palpated on digital rectal exam

Back 31

Prostate cancer (carcinoma)

Front 32

Name the cancer:

-Hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells
-Occurs primarily in transition zone of prostate
-Can affect storage and voiding of urine due to constriction of the prostatic urethra
-Incidence is >75% in males by age 80

Back 32

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Front 33

What structure?

Location of oocyte maturation

Back 33

Ovary

Front 34

What structure?

-Located posterior and superior to the urinary bladder, superior to the vagina
-Hint: has body, fundus, axes

Back 34

Uterus

Front 35

What region of uterus?

Lateral-inferior pole

Back 35

Body

Front 36

What region of uterus?

Superior pole

Back 36

Fundus

Front 37

What structure?

-Transport oocytes from the ovary to the uterus

Back 37

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 38

What structure within fallopian tubes?

Segment located most proximal to the ovary

Back 38

Infundibulum

Front 39

What structure within fallopian tubes?

-Fringe of tissue associated with the infundibulum
-Activated by hormones during ovulation to swell and come into contact with the ovary, sweeping the oocyte released during ovulation into the uterine tube

Back 39

Fimbrae

Front 40

What structure?

Contains Internal Os and External Os

Back 40

Cervix

Front 41

What structure of Uterus?

Uterine surface of the opening to the uterus

Back 41

Internal Os

Front 42

What structure of Uterus?

Vaginal surface of the opening to the uterus

Back 42

External Os

Front 43

What structure contains Fornices?

Back 43

Vagina

Front 44

What structure?

Deepest portions of the vagina, extending into recesses along the outer border of the vaginal surface of the cervix

Back 44

Vaginal fornices

Front 45

#What cancer?

-Most common reproductive cancer in females
8th most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, 5th leading cause of cancer related death in women

Back 45

Ovarian cancer

Front 46

#Name some reproductive cancers in females

Back 46

Uterine Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Vaginal Cancer
Vulval Cancer
Tubal cancers (very rare)

Front 47

#What procedure?

-Surgical bifurcation of the perineal body in the female during labor and delivery, performed as prophylaxis against soft-tissue trauma during childbirth

Back 47

Episiotomy

Front 48

Peritoneum in Female:
What structure?

-Created by a folding of the peritoneum between the urinary bladder and the anterior wall of the uterus

Back 48

Vesicouterine pouch

Front 49

Peritoneum in Female:
What structure?

-Created by a folding of the peritoneum between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum

Back 49

Rectouterine pouch

Front 50

Peritoneum in Female:
What structure?

-Fold of the peritoneum connecting the sides of the uterus to the walls of the pelvis

Back 50

Broad ligament

Front 51

Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament?

-Main lateral extensions to the body wall

Back 51

Mesometrium

Front 52

Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament?

-Attached to the ovaries

Back 52

Mesovarium

Front 53

Peritoneum in Female:
What division of broad ligament?

-Attached to the utererine tubes

Back 53

Mesosalpinx

Front 54

Peritoneum in Female:
What structure?

-Extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus out to the lateral body wall
-Enters the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

Back 54

Round ligament of uterus

Front 55

Peritoneum in Female:

-Runs from the ovary to the body wall
-Contains the ovarian artery and vein

Back 55

Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary