Spom Exam 3 Anterior Abdominal Wall Powerpoint Cards

Front 1

Muscle junction of Linea alba?

Extends from where to where?

Back 1

Junction site between left and right rectus abdominis

Extends from xiphoid process past pubic symphasis

Front 2

Name the 9 abdominal regions and their location?

Back 2

(E) Epigastric – above stomach
(U) Umbilical – contains ubilicus
(P) Pubic – Pubic rim and bones, below ASIS

(RH, LH) Right and left hypochondrium - base of ribs
(RL, LL) Right and left lateral - between ribs and iliac crest
(RI, LI) Right and left inguinal – associated with inguinal ligament

Front 3

Name the 1 vertical and 2 horizontal planes

Back 3

Horizontal: Subcostal & Transtubercular

Vertical: Midclavicular

Front 4

Name and describe the two layers of superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall

Back 4

Camper's fascia- Fatty layer & most superficial

Scarpa's fascia- Shiny membranous appearance & deeper layer

Front 5

Which vertebral level nerve roots provide sensation to skin superior to umbilicus?

Back 5

T7, T8 and T9

Front 6

Which vertebral level nerve roots provide sensation to skin around umbilicus?

Back 6

T10

Front 7

Which vertebral level nerve roots provide sensation to skin inferior to umbilicus?

Back 7

T11, T12 and L1

Front 8

(not directly on slide)
What are the 3 nerves of L1 and what do they run with and what kind of innervation do they provide?

Back 8

Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve- runs with inguinal ligament, provides cutaneous sensation to abdomen (L1)

Genitofemoral nerve- provides motor and sensory to L1-L2. Provides motor to muscles of spermatic cord

Iliohypogastric nerve- runs anteriorly down abdominal wall. Provides sensation to L1 area

Front 9

Name the 4 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

Back 9

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Front 10

What is function and innervation of Rectus abdominis?

Back 10

Function: Flexes trunk. Sit ups. Compress abdomen for forced expiration


Innervation: Ventral rami of T6-T12 and L1

Front 11

What is function and innervation of External oblique?

Back 11

Function: Laterally flexes trunk. Bilaterally flexes trunk anteriorly. Compress abdomen for forced expiration

Innervation: ventral rami of T6-T12 and L1

Front 12

What is function and innervation of Internal oblique?

Back 12

Function: Laterally flexes trunk. Compress abdomen for forced expiration

Innervation: ventral rami of T6-T12 and L1

Front 13

What is function and innervation of Transversus abdominis?

Back 13

Function: Compress and support abdominal viscera. Compress abdomen for forced expiration

Innervation: ventral rami of T6-T12 and L1

Front 14

*Where/what is the arcuate line?

What is the rectus sheath? Where does it extend?

Back 14

The arcuate line is the inferior limit of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath. It is slightly discolored

Rectus sheat surrounds the rectus abdominis. It extends from the ribs to the pubic symphysis.

Front 15

What is Transversalis fascia?

Back 15

Loose connective fascia
Continuous along posterior aspect of anterior abdominal wall
It is the tendon that comes off each muscle and surrounds the rectus abdominis

Front 16

Describe the changing composition of the aponeurosis of anterior abdominal wall?

Back 16

Superior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique aponeurosis splits to envelope the rectus abdominis muscle. Inferior to the arcuate line, the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses merge and pass superficial (i.e. anteriorly) to the rectus muscle

Therefore, inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus abdominis rests directly on the transversalis fascia.

Front 17

What is the conjoint tendon?

Back 17

Fusion between aponeurosis of the internal oblique
and aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis muscle

Front 18

Where is the superficial ring of inguinal canal in relation to the canal?

Back 18

Located near the opening of the inguinal canal, near the inguinal ligament

Front 19

What differentiating structure runs through the superficial inguinal ring in males vs females?

Back 19

In males: spermatic cord

In females: round ligament

Front 20

What is the Gubernaculum? (may not need to know)

Back 20

Gubernaculum - connective tissue cord running from testis to scrotum. Prior to descent, the gubernaculum terminates between the internal and external abdominal oblique muscles.

Front 21

What are the 4 muscle layers (from superficial to deep) that become the Gubernaculum? (may not need to know)

Back 21

External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia

Front 22

What is the remains of the gubernaculum in both sexes?

Back 22

Round ligament

Front 23

What does Peritoneum coat?

How deep is it?

Back 23

Visceral structures and body wall

Deepest layer

Front 24

What CT is between the peritoneum and arcuate line?

Back 24

Transversalis fascia

Front 25

Where and what is contained within median umbilical fold?

Back 25

It runs along midline of abdomen.

Contains urachus (allows urine to escape from embryo)

Front 26

Where and what is contained within medial umbilical fold?

Back 26

It runs in between median and lateral umbilical folds.

Contains umbilical ligament (leftover umbilical artery)

Front 27

Where and what is contained within lateral umbilical fold?

Back 27

It runs most laterally

Contains inferior epigastric artery and vein and is covered by peritoneum and fascia

Front 28

What part of inguinal canal does testicular artery and vein exit?

Back 28

Deep inguinal ring

Front 29

What branches to the inferior epigastric artery and vein?

Back 29

External iliac artery and vein.

The inferior epigastric artery runs superiorly

Front 30

Describe the pathway of Direct inguinal hernias

Back 30

It takes the shortest pathway

Front 31

Describe the pathway of Indirect inguinal hernias

Back 31

It takes the longer pathway

Front 32

This hernia is due to muscle weakness from surgery.

*It is a 'potential' opening or weak zone

Back 32

Direct inguinal hernia

Front 33

*Direct inguinal hernia is ________ to the inferior epigastric artery and vein and runs into __________.

Back 33

Medial

Inguinal triangle

Front 34

*Indirect inguinal hernia is ________ to the inferior epigastric artery and vein and runs into __________.

Back 34

Lateral

Deep inguinal ring and entire inguinal canal

Front 35

This hernia is equally common in males and females

Back 35

Direct inguinal hernia

Front 36

This hernia is Acquired

Back 36

Direct inguinal hernia

Front 37

This hernia is Congenital

Back 37

Indirect inguinal hernia

Front 38

This hernia runs through superficial ring only

Back 38

Direct inguinal hernia

Front 39

This hernia runs through deep ring, inguinal canal, and then superficial ring

Back 39

Indirect inguinal hernia

Front 40

This hernia is surrounded by peritoneum, transversalis fascia, external and cremasteric fascias, and ruptures patent process vaginalis

Back 40

Indirect inguinal hernia

Front 41

This hernia is more common in females

Back 41

Indirect inguinal hernia

Front 42

This hernia is surrounded by peritoneum, transversalis fascia & occurs outside the external and cremasteric fascias

Back 42

Direct inguinal hernia