Speech Anatomy And Physiology Chap. 1

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

structure of an organism

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

function of a living organism and its components

Front 3

applied anatomy

Back 3

applies anatomy to diagnosing and treating

Front 4

descriptive anatomy

Back 4

relates body parts to functioning systems

Front 5

pathological anatomy

Back 5

relates body parts to functioning systems

Front 6

pathological anatomy

Back 6

studies changes in body parts due to a disease

Front 7

arthrology

Back 7

studies joints

Front 8

angiography

Back 8

studies blood vessels and lymphatic systems

Front 9

neurology

Back 9

studies the nervous system

Front 10

myology

Back 10

studies muscle structure and function

Front 11

trunk/torso

Back 11

composed of thorax (chest) and abdomen (belly); upper and lower extremities and head are attached

Front 12

dorsal trunk

Back 12

back

Front 13

cranial portion

Back 13

contains brain and components

Front 14

facial portion

Back 14

contains mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity, and teeth

Front 15

cranial cavity

Back 15

brain, vertebral canal (spinal cord)

Front 16

thoracic cavity

Back 16

lungs and related structures

Front 17

pericardial cavity

Back 17

heart

Front 18

abdominal cavity

Back 18

digestive organs

Front 19

anatomical position

Back 19

body erect, palms forward

Front 20

axis

Back 20

imaginary midline around which the body pivots

Front 21

axial skeleton

Back 21

hear and trunk, spinal cord as axis

Front 22

appendicular skeleton

Back 22

upper limbs and lower limbs

Front 23

frontal plane

Back 23

divides body into front and back halves (aka coronal if face is on)

Front 24

sagittal plane

Back 24

divides body into left and right halves

Front 25

transverse plane

Back 25

divides body into upper and lower halves

Front 26

anterior/ventral surface

Back 26

front of body (different if 4 legs)

Front 27

posterior/dorsal surface

Back 27

back of body (different if 4 legs)

Front 28

superficial surface

Back 28

surface of bodyp

Front 29

peripheral (surface)

Back 29

direction roward the surface

Front 30

deep (surface)

Back 30

direction away from the surface

Front 31

superior

Back 31

upper regions of the body

Front 32

inferior

Back 32

lower regions of the body

Front 33

prone

Back 33

body horizontal with face down

Front 34

supine

Back 34

body horizontal with face up

Front 35

lateral

Back 35

side

Front 36

proximal

Back 36

point closest to the trunk

Front 37

distal

Back 37

point furthest from the trunk

Front 38

flexion

Back 38

bending at a joint

Front 39

extension

Back 39

straightening out a joint

Front 40

plantar

Back 40

sole of the foot

Front 41

palmar

Back 41

palm of the hand

Front 42

epithelial tissue

Back 42

covers surfaces of the bodu, linings of cavities and passageways; barrier against hostile agents and prevents fluid loss

Front 43

connective tissue

Back 43

binds together and supports tissues and organs, may be solid, liquid, or gel-like

Front 44

aveolar c.t.

Back 44

elastic, between muscles

Front 45

adipose c.t.

Back 45

fat globules, between muscles

Front 46

white fibrous tissue (c.t.)

Back 46

strong, covers organs/muscles

Front 47

yellow elastic c.t.

Back 47

helps with recoil (lungs, trachea, etc.)

Front 48

lymphoid c.t.

Back 48

tonsils, adenoids

Front 49

cartilage (c.t.)

Back 49

firm and flexible

Front 50

blood (c.t.)

Back 50

plasma and blood cells

Front 51

bone

Back 51

hardest c.t., begin as cartilagenous mass, points of articulation between are cartilage

Front 52

muscular tissue

Back 52

contractile, 3 types

Front 53

striated muscle tissue

Back 53

skeletal muscles, coluntary

Front 54

smooth muscle

Back 54

involuntary

Front 55

cardiac muscle

Back 55

in the heart

Front 56

nervous tissue

Back 56

specialized for communication, neurons (nerve cells); transfers rom neuron to neuron, neuron to muscle, or sensory receptors to other neural entities

Front 57

organs

Back 57

body tissues combined together to perform a special function, organ tissues all serve same general purpose

Front 58

fascia

Back 58

tissue aggregate, membrane that surrounds organs

Front 59

ligaments

Back 59

tissue aggregate, fibrous tissue that connects

Front 60

tendons

Back 60

tissue aggregate, c.t. that attaches muscle to cone or cartilage

Front 61

diarthroidial (synovial) joints

Back 61

-highly mobile, joint contains synovial (lubricating) fluid

-includes plane (gliding) joints, ball-and-socket joints, and hinge joints

Front 62

amphiarthroidial (cartilaginous) joints

Back 62

-slightly mobile, cartilage forms union between two joints

-two types:

-synchondrosis (ex. head of sternum)

-symphysis (ex. between discs and pubic bones)

Front 63

synarthroidial (fibrous) joints

Back 63

-immobile, bound by fibrous ligaments; sutures (ex. between bones of skull joints, holding teeth in, etc.)

-can cause problems if premature fusing

Front 64

muscle

Back 64

aggregates of contractive muscle fibers with a common function, can shorten to about half their length

Front 65

origin

Back 65

moint of attachment of the least mobile muscle element

Front 66

insertion

Back 66

point of attachment that moves when a muscle contracts

Front 67

agonists

Back 67

muscles that move structures

Front 68

antagonists

Back 68

muscles that oppose contraction of agonists

Front 69

synergists

Back 69

muscles that stabilize structures

Front 70

muscle innervation

Back 70

muscles innervated by a single nerve; sensory (afferent) or excitatory (efferent)

Front 71

afferent

Back 71

sensory, from muscle to brain

Front 72

efferent

Back 72

excitatory, from brain to muscle

Front 73

motor unit

Back 73

consists of one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it innervates

Front 74

body system

Back 74

group of organs that perform a specific function, organs can be part of more than one

Front 75

muscular system

Back 75

smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle

Front 76

skeletal system

Back 76

bones and cartilages

Front 77

respiratory system

Back 77

oral, nasal, and pharyngial cavities, trachea and bronchial passageway, lungs

Front 78

digestive system

Back 78

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intestines, and glands

Front 79

speech pathology systems

Back 79

-respiratory (respiration)

-phonatory

-articulatory/resonatory

-nervous system (controls speech processes)

Front 80

phonatory system

Back 80

produces voiced soind

Front 81

articulatory/resonatory system

Back 81

shapes the oral cavity for production of sounds of speech; nasal sounds

Front 82

nasal sounds

Back 82

m, n, ng