Sped 102 Chapter 7

Front 1

Conduct disorder

Back 1

A disorder characterized by overt, aggressive, disruptive behavior or covert antisocial acts such as stealing, lying, and fire setting; may include both overt and covert acts

Front 2

Perseveration

Back 2

A tendency to repeat behaviors over and over again; often found in people with brain injury; as well as those with ADHD

Front 3

Strauss syndrome

Back 3

Behaviors of distractibility, forced responsiveness to stimuli, and hyperactivity; based on the work of Alfred Strauss and Heinz Werner with children with intellectual disabilities

Front 4

Cerebral palsy

Back 4

A condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, incoordination, and/or other motor dysfunction because of damage to the brain before it has matured

Front 5

Minimal brain injury

Back 5

A term used to refer to children who exhibit inattention, impulsivity, and and/or hyperactivity; popular in the 1950s and 1960s

Front 6

Hyperactive child syndrome

Back 6

A term used to refer to children who exhibit inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity; popular in the 1960s and 1970s

Front 7

Continuous performance test (CPT)

Back 7

A test measuring a person's ability to sustain attention to rapidly presented stimuli; can help in the diagnosis of ADHD

Front 8

Frontal lobes

Back 8

Two lobes located in the front of the brain; responsible for executive functions; site of abnormal development in people with ADHD

Front 9

Prefrontal lobes

Back 9

Two lobes located in the very front of the frontal lobes; responsible for executive functions; site of abnormal development in people with ADHD

Front 10

Basal ganglia

Back 10

A set of structures within the brain that include the caudate, globus pallidus, and putamen, the first two being abnormal in people with ADHD; generally responsible for the coordination and control of movement

Front 11

Caudate

Back 11

A structure in the basal ganglia of the brain; site of abnormal development in persons with ADHD

Front 12

Globus pallidus

Back 12

A structure in the basal ganglia of the brain; site of abnormal development in persons with ADHD

Front 13

Cerebellum

Back 13

An organ at the base of the brain responsible for coordination and movement; site of abnormal development in persons with ADHD

Front 14

Corpus callosum

Back 14

A part of the brain, consisting of millions of fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres; responsible for communication between the two hemispheres; site of abnormal development in persons with ADHD

Front 15

Neurotransmitters

Back 15

Chemicals involved in sending messages between neurons in the brain

Front 16

Dopamine

Back 16

A neurotransmitter, the levels of which may be abnormal in people with ADHD

Front 17

Norepinephrine

Back 17

A neurotransmitter, the levels of which may be abnormal in people with ADHD

Front 18

Molecular genetics

Back 18

The study of the organization of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules containing genetic information

Front 19

Toxins

Back 19

Poisons in the environment that can cause fetal malformations; can result in cognitive impairments

Front 20

Behavioral inhibition

Back 20

The ability to stop an intended response, to stop an ongoing response, to guard an ongoing response from interruption, and to refrain from responding immediately; allows executive functions to occur; delayed or impaired in those with ADHD

Front 21

Executive functions

Back 21

The ability to regulate one's behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others; delayed or impaired in people with ADHD

Front 22

Inner speech

Back 22

An executive function; internal language used to regulate one's behavior; delayed or impaired in people with ADHD

Front 23

Adaptive skills

Back 23

Skills needed to adapt to one's living environment (communication, self care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work); usually estimated by an adaptive behavior survey

Front 24

Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)

Back 24

Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior), and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behavior.

Front 25

Contingency-based self-management

Back 25

Educational techniques that involve having students keep track of their own behavior, for which they then receive consequences (reinforcement)

Front 26

Psychostimulants

Back 26

Medications that activate dopamine levels in the frontal and prefrontal areas of the brain that control behavioral inhibition and executive functions; used to treat persons with ADHD

Front 27

Ritalin

Back 27

The most commonly prescribed psychostimulant for ADHD; its generic name is methylphenidate

Front 28

Adderall

Back 28

A psychostimulant for ADHD

Front 29

Paradoxical effect of Ritalin

Back 29

The now discredited belief that Ritalin, even though a stimulant, acts to subdue a person's behavior and that this effect of Ritalin is evident in people with ADHD but not in those without ADHD

Front 30

Strattera

Back 30

A nonstimulant medication for ADHD; affects the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Front 31

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM)

Back 31

A formative evaluation method designed to evaluate performance in the curriculum to which students are exposed; usually involves giving students a small sample of items from the curriculum in use in their schools; proponents argue that CBM is preferable to comparing students with national norms or using tests that do not reflect the curriculum content learned by the students

Front 32

Momentary time sampling

Back 32

An interval recording procedure used to capture a representative sample of a target behavior over a specified period of time

Front 33

History

Back 33

A patient's "story" of his or her functioning in life with respect to strengths and weaknesses; considered crucial by many physicians in the diagnosis of ADHD

Front 34

Coaching

Back 34

A technique whereby a friend or therapist offers encouragement and support for a person with ADHD