Sociology Clep Test

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What is Sociology?

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The science or discipline that studies societies, social groups, and the relationship between people.

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Social Interaction

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the social processes represented by behavior directed toward, affected by, or inspired by others in the group

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Social Relationships

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relationships between people that are based on a common meaning

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Social Action

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meaningful behavior that is oriented toward and influenced by others

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Humanistic approach

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they see sociology as a means to advance human welfare. They seek self realization,the full development of a cultured personality, or improvment of the human social condition

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Scientific Perspecitive

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They are prmarily concerned with acquiring objective empirical knowledge(the actual knowledge derived from experience or observation that can be measured or counted

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C.Wright Mills

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says a certain quality of mind is required if we are to understand ourselves in relation to society.

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The Sociological Imagination

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this quality of mind seeks to expand the role of freedom, choice, and conscious decision in history by means of knowledge. Expresses both an understanding of personal troubles can and often do reflect broader social issues and problems, also faith in the capacity of human beings to alter the course of human history.

expresses the humanistic aspect of the sociological perspective

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Auguste Comte

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In 1838 first coined the term as a means of demarcating the field.

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Theological Stage

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Scientists look toward the super natural realm of ideas for an explanation of what they observed.

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Metaphysical Stage

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scientists begin to look to the real world for an explanation of what they have observed

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Positive Stage

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the definitive stage of all knowledge, scientistssearch for general ideas or laws

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Social Statics

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How a society is held together

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Social Dynamics

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How society changes

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Grand Theory

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This involved the building of a theory of society based on aspects of the real world and the organization of these concepts to form a conception of society as a stable system of interrelated parts

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Deductive Theory

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proceeds from general ideas, knowledge, or understanding of the social world from which specific hypotheses are logically deduced and tested

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Inductive Theory

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proceeds from concrete observations from which general conclusions are inferred through a process of reasoning

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Interpretative Sociology

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Studies the processes whereby human beings attach meaning to their lives.

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Dramaturgical Approach of Erving Goffman

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conceives social interaction as a series of episodes or human dramas in which we are more or less aware of playing roles and thereby, engaging in impression management.

We are actors seeking 1) to manipulate our auidence, or control the reaction of other people in our immediate presence by presenting a certain image of ourselves. 2) to protect or hide our true selves, or who we really are offstage through "onstage" "front stage" and "backstage" behavior 3) to amplify the rules of conduct that circumscribe our daily encounters

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Conflict Paradigm

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views society as being characterized by conflict and inequality. It is concerned with questions such as whose interests are expressed within exsisting social arrangments, and who benefits or suffers from arrangments

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Socialization

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the process through which we learn or are trained to be members of society, to take part in new social situations, or to participate in social groupings