Sociology Chapter 3 And 4

Front 1

Cultural relativism

Back 1

Principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture

Front 2

Ethnocentrism

Back 2

Tendency to judge other cultures using ones own as a standard

Front 3

Folkways

Back 3

Informal norm that is mildly punished when violated

Front 4

Heteronormative culture

Back 4

Culture in which heterosexuality is accepted as the normal, taken-for-granted mode of sexual expression

Front 5

Institutionalized norm

Back 5

Pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that is widely accepted in society

Front 6

Inter sexuals

Back 6

Individual in whom sexual differentiation is either incomplete or ambiguous

Front 7

Material culture

Back 7

Artifacts of a society that represent adaptations to the social and psychical environment.

Front 8

Mores

Back 8

Highly codified formal, systematized norms that bring severe punishment when violated.

Front 9

Non material culture

Back 9

Knowledge, beliefs, customs, morals, and symbols that are shared by members of a Society and that distinguish the society from others.

Front 10

Sanctions

Back 10

Social response that punishes or otherwise discourages violations of a socials norm

Front 11

Sexual dichotomy

Back 11

Belief that two biological sex categories, male and female, are permanent, universal, exhaustive, and mutually exclusive.

Front 12

Sick role

Back 12

Set of norms, governing how one is supposed to behave and what one is entitled to when sick

Front 13

Subculture

Back 13

Values, behavior, and artifacts of a group that distinguished it's members from the large culture.

Front 14

Transsexuals

Back 14

People who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo hormone treatment and surgery to change their sex

Front 15

dependent variable

Back 15

variable that is caused by or changes because of the independent variable

Front 16

empirical research

Back 16

research that operates from the ideological position that questions about human behavior can be answered only through controlled, systematic observations in the real world

Front 17

experiment

Back 17

research method designed to elicit some sort of behavior, typically conducted under closely controlled laboratory circumstances

Front 18

hypothesis

Back 18

researchable prediction that specifies the relationship between two or more variables

Front 19

incorrigible proposition

Back 19

unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong not matter what happens to dispute it

Front 20

independent variable

Back 20

variable presumed to cause or influence the dependent variable

Front 21

indicator

Back 21

measurable event, characteristic, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept

Front 22

moral entrepreneurs

Back 22

groups that work to have their moral concerns translated into law

Front 23

probabilistic

Back 23

capable only of of identifying those forces that have a high likelihood, but not a certainty, of influencing human action

Front 24

quantitative research

Back 24

sociological research based on the collection of numeric data that uses precise statistical analysis

Front 25

qualitative research

Back 25

sociological research based on non numeric information that describes people, actions, or events in social life

Front 26

representative

Back 26

typical of the whole population being studied

Front 27

sample

Back 27

subgroup chosen for a study because its characteristics approximate those of the entire population

Front 28

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 28

Assumption or prediction that in itself causes the expected event to occur, this seeming to confirm the prophecy's accuracy.

Front 29

social construction of reality

Back 29

Process through which the members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge.

Front 30

survey

Back 30

Form of social research in which the researcher asks subjects a series of questions verbally, online or on paper

Front 31

theory

Back 31

Set of statements or propositions that seeks to explain or predict a particular aspect of soical life

Front 32

variable

Back 32

Any characteristic, attitude, behavior, or event that can take on two or more values or attributes.