Sociology- Ch. 3 And 4 Test

Front 1

norms

Back 1

rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

Front 2

folkways

Back 2

norms that lack moral significance

Front 3

mores

Back 3

norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of a society

Front 4

taboo

Back 4

rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for a strong punishment

Front 5

law

Back 5

a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials

Front 6

sanctions

Back 6

rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms

Front 7

values

Back 7

broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

Front 8

norms are based on...

Back 8

...based on values

Front 9

beleifs

Back 9

ideas about the nature of reality

Front 10

social categories

Back 10

groups of people who share a social characteristic such as age, gender, or religion

Front 11

subculture

Back 11

group that is part of the dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects

Front 12

counterculture

Back 12

a subculture deliberately and conciously opposed to certain central beleifs or attitudes of the dominant culture

Front 13

ethnocentrism

Back 13

judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards

Front 14

cultural universals

Back 14

general culture traits that exist in all cultures but not always carried out the same way

Front 15

cultural particulars

Back 15

the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits

Front 16

socialization

Back 16

a cultural process of learning to participate in a group; enables people to fit into all kinds of social groups

Front 17

Harry Harlow

Back 17

studied the negative affects of isolation on Rhesus monkeys, and then in turn applied the observations to human infants

Front 18

self concept

Back 18

an image of yourself as having an identity seperate from other people

Front 19

looking glass self

Back 19

image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

Front 20

significant other

Back 20

people whose reactions are most imp[ortant to your self concept

Front 21

generalized other

Back 21

integrated conception of the norms, values, and beleifs of one's community or society

Front 22

role taking

Back 22

assuming the viewpoint of another person and using it to shape self concept

Front 23

Mead's 3 stages of role taking

Back 23

1. imitation stage--children imitate without understanding why
2. play stage--act in ways they imagine other people would
3. game stage-- anticipate actions of others based on social rules

Front 24

"me"

Back 24

the part of the self formed through socialization

Front 25

"I"

Back 25

part of self that accounts for the unlearned, spontaneous acts

Front 26

hidden cirriculum

Back 26

informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school, such as: discipline, order, cooperation, adn conformity

Front 27

reference group

Back 27

group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with whom you identify