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33 Cards in this Set
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Demography |
Is study of the size, composition, growth or shrink age, and distribution of human populations
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Malthus theorem
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He claimed, that if births go unchecked, the population will outstrip it's food supply, an observation that although food supply increases arithmetically, population grows geometrically
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exponential growth curve
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A pattern of growth in which members double during approximately equal intervals, showing a steep acceleration in the later stages
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Demographic transition
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A three-stage historical process of change in the size of population, first, high birth rates and high death rates, second, high birth rates and low death rates, and third, low birth rate and low death rates, a fourth stage of population shrinkage and which deaths outnumber birth has made its appearance in the most industrialized nations |
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Population shrinkage
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The process by which a country's population become smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate
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Population pyramid
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A graph that represents the age and sex of a population
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Demographic variables
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The three factors that change the size of a population, fertility, mortality, and net immigration
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Fertility rate
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The number of children that average women bears
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fecundity
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The number of children that women are capable of bearing
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Crude birth rate
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The annual number of live births per 1000 population
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Crude death rate
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The annual number of deaths per 1000 population |
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net migration rate
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The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1000 population |
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Basic demographic equation
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The growth rate equals births - deaths + net migration
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Growth rate
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The net change in a population after adding birth, subjecting death, and either adding or subtracting net migration: can result in a negative number |
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zero population growth
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Women bearing only enough children to reproduce the population
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Urbanization
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The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and now has a growing influence on the culture
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City
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A place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food
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Metropolis
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A central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs
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Megalopolis
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An urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and there many suburbs
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Megacity
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a city of 10 million or more residents
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Metropolitan Statistical Area : MSA
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A central city and the organized counties adjacent to it
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Edge city
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A large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near Highway intersection that provide a sense of place to people who live, shop and work there
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Gentrification
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Middle class people moving into rundown area of a city, displacing the poor as they buy and restore home
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Suburbanization
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A migration of people from the city to the suburbs
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Suburb
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A community adjacent to a city
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human ecology
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Robert Parks term for the relationship between people and their environment : such as land and structures, also known as urban ecology |
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Invasion - succession cycle
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The process of one group of people displaced seen a group is racial ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own
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Alienation
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Marx term for workers lack of connection to the product of their labor kamikaze by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of product - this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness: others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something
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Redlining
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A decision by the officers of a financial institution not to make loans in a particular area
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Disinvestment
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The wood Dr investments by financial institutions, which seals the fate of an urban area
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Deindustrialization
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The process of industries moving out of the country or region
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Urban renewal
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The rehabilitation of a rundown area, which usually results in the displacement of the poor who are living in that area
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Enterprise Zone
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Do you sift economic incentives in a designated area to encourage investment
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