Sociology 260/chapter 1

Front 1

who is deviant?

Back 1

anyone who escapes "social norms"

Front 2

norms

Back 2

the rules, regulations, boundaries, expectations, etc. of a society or social group can be understood as norms

Front 3

consensus/pluralist model

Back 3

we come together as a society & agree on what should & should not be permitted

Front 4

interest-group/conflict model

Back 4

those with more power & resources create & promote laws & norms to their interests

Front 5

criminalization

Back 5

process of making something criminal

Front 6

william sumner's 1906 conceptualization of social norms

Back 6

1. folkways - custom tradition, etiquette

2. mores - moral/ethical codes, sins

3. laws - codified rules deemed necessary to maintain social order

Front 7

the classical school (foundational perspective)

Back 7

-criminal behavior is rational, & chosen on a cost/benefit continuum

-fear of punishment maintains order through deterrence

-punishment should fit the act, not the actor

Front 8

the positivist school (foundational perspectives)

Back 8

-the criminal is a radically different individual than the non-criminal

-the criminal compelled by forces beyond his/her control

-treatment, not punishment

Front 9

deviance

Back 9

that which is related to negativity, in socially rejecting fashion, within social settings

Front 10

what defines deviance?

Back 10

the actual or potential reaction that actions, beliefs, & traits generate or are likely to generate in audiences

Front 11

what do violations of social norms result it?

Back 11

punishment, condemnation, or ridicule

Front 12

societal deviance

Back 12

composed of those actions & conditions that are widely recognized in advance & in general, to be deviant

ex. rape, robbery, cooperate theft, terrorism...

Front 13

situational deviance

Back 13

does not possess a general or society-wide quality concrete social gatherings, circles, or settings. depends on the setting.

deviance is a matter of degree.

Front 14

vertical (hierarchical) perspective

Back 14

raises the question of the dominance of one category to another

- dominant belief or institution is hegemonic - it holds sway over beliefs held or institutions supported by less powerful social groupings in the society

Front 15

horizontal (grassroots) property of deviance

Back 15

refers to the fact that a given act, belief, or trait represents a normative violation in one group, category, or society, but is conformist in another.

Front 16

abc's of deviance

Back 16

attitudes, behavior, conditions

Front 17

achieved status

Back 17

social position achieved on the basis of merit

Front 18

ascribed status

Back 18

social position granted at birth

Front 19

relativity

Back 19

judgments of what is good or bad vary from society to society

Front 20

relativity plays an important role in...?

Back 20

influencing whether certain actors are condemned, depending on where they lived

Front 21

essentialism

Back 21

sees deviance as a specific, concrete phenomenon in the material world. ex. oxygen, gravity, volcano

Front 22

constructionism

Back 22

how & why something comes to be. regarded as or judged to be deviant in the first place, what is thought, made of, said about, & done about it

Front 23

positive deviance

Back 23

refers to a specific type of putatively wrongful, non-normative, & supposedly scandalous, harmful, &/or social unacceptable behavior, beliefs, or conditions

Front 24

fallacy of reification

Back 24

identifying the part with the whole