Sociology 201 Chapter 1

Front 1

archival records

Back 1

The use of existing record that have been produced or maintained by persons or organizations other than the researcher.

Front 2

class conflict

Back 2

the view of Karl Marx that society is divided into those who own the means of producing wealth and those who do not, giving rise to struggles between classes.

Front 3

constructed reality

Back 3

our experience of the world. Meaning is not something that inheres in things; it is a property that derives from, or arises out of, that interaction that takes place among people in the course of the daily lives.

Front 4

control group

Back 4

the group that affords a neutral standard against which the changes in an experimental group can be measured.

Front 5

correlation

Back 5

a change in one variable associated with a change in another variable

Front 6

dependent variable

Back 6

the variable that is affected in an experimental setting

Front 7

dialectical materialism

Back 7

the notion in Marxist theory that development depends on the clash of contradictions and the creation of new, more advanced structures out of there clashes.

Front 8

dysfunctions

Back 8

observed consequences that lessen that adaptation or adjustment of a system

Front 9

economic determinist

Back 9

a believe in the doctrine that economic factors are the primary determinants of the structure of societies and social change.

Front 10

experiment

Back 10

a technique in which researchers work with two groups that are identical n all relevant respects. They introduce a change in one group, but not in the other group. that procedure permits researchers to test the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable

Front 11

experimental group

Back 11

the group in which researchers introduce a change in an experimental setting

Front 12

functions

Back 12

observed consequences that permit the adaptation or adjustment of a system

Front 13

hypothesis

Back 13

a proposition that can be tested to determine its validity

Front 14

independent variable

Back 14

the variable that causes an effect in an experimental setting

Front 15

latent functions

Back 15

consequences that are neither intended nor recognized by the participants in a system

Front 16

macrosociology

Back 16

the study of large-scale and long-term social processes

Front 17

manifest functions

Back 17

consequences that re intended and recognized by the participants in the system

Front 18

microsociolgy

Back 18

the detailed study of what indivdiuals say, do and think moment by moment as they go through their daily lives.

Front 19

operational definition

Back 19

a definition developed by taking abstract concepts and putting them in a form that permits their measurement

Front 20

participant observation

Back 20

a technique in which researchers engage in activities with the people they as observing

Front 21

power

Back 21

the ability to control the behavior of others even against their will

Front 22

random sample

Back 22

a sampling procedure in which researchers select subjects on the basis of chance so that every individual in the population has the same opportunity to be chosen

Front 23

secondary data analysis

Back 23

analysis of data collected by others

Front 24

social darwinsim

Back 24

the application of evolutionary notions and the concept of the survival of the fittest to the social world.

Front 25

social dynamics

Back 25

those aspects of social life that pattern institutional development and have to so with social change

Front 26

social facts

Back 26

those aspects of social life that cannot be explained in terms of biological or mental characteristics of the individual. people experience the social fact as external to themselves in the sense that it has an independent reality and forms a part of their objective environments

Front 27

social statics

Back 27

those aspects of social life that have to do with order and stability and that allow societies to hold together and endure.

Front 28

sociological imagination

Back 28

the ability that see our private experiences and personal difficulties as entwined with the structural arrangement of our society and the historical times in which we live.

Front 29

sociology

Back 29

the scientific study of social interactions and social organization

Front 30

spurious correlation

Back 30

the apparent relationship between two variables produced by a their variable the influences the original variable.

Front 31

stratified random sample

Back 31

a sampling techniques in which researchers divide a population into relevant categories and draw a random sample from each of the categories.

Front 32

survey

Back 32

a method for gathering data on people's beliefs, values, attitudes, perceptions, motivation, and feelings. the data can be derived from interviews or questionnaires

Front 33

unobtrusive observation

Back 33

a technique in which researchers observe the activities of people without intruding or participating in the activities

Front 34

value-free sociology

Back 34

the view of max Weber that sociologists must not allow their personal biases to affect the conduct of the scientific research.

Front 35

variable

Back 35

a concept that can take on different values; the term scientist apply that something they think influences (or is influenced by) something else

Front 36

Verstehenan

Back 36

approach to the study of social life developed by max Weber in which sociologists mentally attempt to place themselves in the shoes of the other people and identify what they think and how they feel; translates roughly as "understanding"