Social Psychology Exam 1 Chapters 1-3

Front 1

Illusions

Back 1

Illusion of transparency: Concealed emotions leak out & can be easily read by others.

Front 2

Self-schema

Back 2

Beliefs about the self that organize & guide the processing of self-relevant information.

Front 3

Spotlight Effect

Back 3

The belief that peoples focus is on you.

Front 4

Self-concept

Back 4

Who am I?

Front 5

What determines our self-concept? (1a)

Back 5

Roles: Play acting becomes reality.

Front 6

What determines our self concept? (1b)

Back 6

Social Comparisons: Comparing self to others & consider differences.

Front 7

2 types of social comparisons

Back 7

1) Upward social comparison: Looking above us; 2) Downward: Looking below us

Front 8

What determines ourself-concept? (2)

Back 8

Success & Failure Experiences: Empowerment or self-esteem.

Front 9

Looking-Glass Self

Back 9

How we think as others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves. (Surrounding cultures)

Front 10

What determines our self-concept? (3)

Back 10

(1) Explaining our behavior: don't know why or how; (2) Predicting behavior: (look to outside relationship); 3) Planning Fallacy: Underestimating length of time for task completion; (4) Predicting our Feelings: Believing we know what we will feel (affective forecasting studies); impact bias & Immune Neglect

Front 11

What determines our Behavior? (4)

Back 11

Self-Esteem: Our Overall self-evaluation or sense of worth, or self-perceptions. (Dark Side of self-esteem: The Dark Triad: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, & antisocial Psychopathology.

Front 12

What are 2 types of self-esteem?

Back 12

Secure & Insecure: How we handle difficulties, failure, & sense of self.

Front 13

Self-Efficacy

Back 13

How competent we feel on a task (Bandura, 1961).

Front 14

What are some of the effects of self-efficacy?

Back 14

More persistance, less anxiety & depression, healthier lives, more academically successful.

Front 15

What are the differences between self-efficacy & self-esteem?

Back 15

You can do it vs. you are special.

Front 16

What is the Locus of Control?

Back 16

The belief of that which we believe control comes from.

Front 17

What are the two types of Locus of Control?

Back 17

Internal: controlled. by my active efforts; External: controlled by chance or outside forces.

Front 18

Learned Helplessness

Back 18

Hoplesness & resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated or bad events.

Front 19

Self-Determination

Back 19

Development of self-discipline in one area of your life may cause self-control in other areas as well.

Front 20

Self-serving Bias

Back 20

Tendency to perceive oneself favorably, attributing positive outcomes to ourselves & negative outcomes to other factors.

Front 21

Unrealistic Optimism

Back 21

Self thought that they have a better life than others.

Front 22

Defensive Pessimism

Back 22

Adaptive value of anticipating problem & harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action.

Front 23

what is social Psychology?

Back 23

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, & relate to one another.

Front 24

6 big ideas of social Psychology

Back 24

1) we construct our social reality; 2) Our social intuitions are often powerful but sometimes perilous; 3) Social influences our behavior; 4) Personal attitudes & dispositions also shape behavior; 5) Social behavior is biologically rooted; 6) social psych principles are applicable in everyday life

Front 25

Culture

Back 25

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, & traditions shared by a large group of people & transmitted from one generation to the next.

Front 26

Social representations

Back 26

A society's widely held ideas & values, including assumptions & cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of the world.

Front 27

chosen research topics typically.....

Back 27

reflect social history.

Front 28

Obvious ways Values enter psychology

Back 28

chosen research topics, types of people attracted to various disciplines, & object of social psychological analysis.

Front 29

Not-so-obvious ways values enter psychology

Back 29

1) subjective aspect of Science: culture & social representations; 2) Psychological concepts contain hidden values: defining the good life, Professional advice, forming concepts, & labeling.

Front 30

Hindsight Bias

Back 30

Tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. (I knew it-all-along phenomenon)

Front 31

Theory

Back 31

An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events.

Front 32

Field Research

Back 32

Research done in natural, real-life settings.

Front 33

correlational research method

Back 33

Purpose: study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables; Description: Variable: Advantage: Often uses real word settings; Disadvantage: Causation often ambiguous.

Front 34

Experimental Research Design

Back 34

Purpose: studies seeking clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (IV) while controlling others (holding them constant); Description: Variable: Advantage: Explores cause & effect by controlling variables and by random assignment; Disadvantage: Some important variables cannot be studied with experiments.