Social Psychology

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Hostile Aggression

Back 1

Aggression driven by anger and perfromed as an end in itself

(Also called AFFECTIVE AGGRESSION)

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Aggresion

Back 2

Physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm

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Instrumental Aggression

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Aggression that is a means to some other end

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Instinctive Behavior

Back 4

An innate unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

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Frustration-Aggression Theory

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The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

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Frustration

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The blocking of goal-directed behavior

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Displacement

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The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target.

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Relative Deprivation

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The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself

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Social Learning Theory

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The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.

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Catharsis

Back 10

Emotional release.



The catharsis view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression.

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Prosocial Behavior

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Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior

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Social Scripts

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Culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations

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Need To Belong

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A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions.

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Proximity

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Geographical Nearness

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Mere - Exposure Effect

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The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them

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Matching Phenomenon

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The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits.

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Physical - Attractiveness Stereotype

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The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well.

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Complementarily

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The popularly supposed tendcy, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other.

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Integratiation

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THe use of strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor

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Reward Theory of Attraction

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The theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events.

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Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

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Arousal x its label = emotion

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Passionate Love

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A state of intense longing for union with another.

Passionate lovers are absorbed in each other, feel ecsatic at attaining their partner's love, and are disconsolate on losing it.

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Companionate Love

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The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

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Secure Attachment

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Attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy

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Preoccupied Attachment

(Anxious - Ambivalent)

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Attachements marked by a sense of one's own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence, and possessiveness.

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Dismissive Attachment

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An avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others

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Fearful Attachment

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An avoidant relationship style marked by a fear of rejection

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Equity

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A condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it.

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Altruism

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A motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interest

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Social - Exchange Theory

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The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs.

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Egoism

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A motive to increase one's own welfare.

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Reciprocity Norm

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An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

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Social Capital

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The mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network.

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Kin Selection

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The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

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Empathy

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putting oneself in another's shoes

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Door - In - The - Face
Technique

Back 36

A strategy for gaining a concession. After someone first turns down a large request, the same requester with a more reasonable request.

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Overjustification Effect

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Definition 39

The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing.

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Social Trap

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A situation in which the conflicting parties, b each rationally pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

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Non - Zero - Sum Games

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Games in which outcomes need not sum to zeo.

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Mirror-Image Perceptions

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Reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict

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Equal - Status Contact

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Contact on an equal basis.

Just as a relationship between two people of unequal status breeds attitudes consistent with their relationship, so do relationships between those of equal status.

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Superordinate Goal

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A shared goal that necessitates cooperative effort.

A goal that overrides people's differences from one another.

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Arbitration

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Resolution of a conflict by a neutral third party who studies both sides and imposes a settlement

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G.R.I.T

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"Graduated and Reciprocation Initiatives in Tension Reduction"

-a strategy designed to de-escalate international tensions.