Social Psychology

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social psychology

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the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

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Attribution theory

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the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition.

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Dispositional vs situational attribution

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Wether a persons behavior is attributed to internal dispositions or external circumstances.

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Fundamental attribution error

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The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

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Attitudes

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feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.

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Cognitive dissonance theory

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the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thought (cognition) are inconsistent.

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Chameleon effect

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the unintentional physical and verbal mirroring between people who are getting along well

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Conformity

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adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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conditions that affect conformity

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one feels insecure, in a group of at least three people, the group is unanimous.

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normative social influence

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Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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informational influence

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influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

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obedience

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the tendency to comply with the commands of those in authority.

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conditions that affect obedience

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People are more likely to obey authority figures with prestige than those without, as well as when physically in the presence of an authority figure

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Compliance: foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request comply later with a larger request.

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social loafing vs social facilitation

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loafing- the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
facilitation- Stronger responses on a simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

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deindividuation

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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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group polarization

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the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussio within the group.

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groupthink

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the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

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Aggression

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any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

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modeling and social scripts

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modeling- the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

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frustration-aggression principle

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the principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression.

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interpersonal attraction: factors that affect attraction

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proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity.