Soc Exam 2

Front 1

Social Group

Back 1

Two or more people who identify and interact with one another

Front 2

Primary Group

Back 2

smaller, more personal, lasting relationships

Front 3

Secondary Group

Back 3

Larger, more impersonal, goal completion

Front 4

Ingroups

Back 4

Person feels a sense of identity, ethnocentric, overly positively view

Front 5

outgroups

Back 5

Person does not belong, competition or hostility

Front 6

Reference groups

Back 6

Has a strong influence on behavior and social attitudes

Front 7

Structural-functional

Back 7

People give up some freedom when forming groups to have needs met (instrumental and expressive)

Front 8

social-conflict

Back 8

Groups involve power relations-needs may not be equally served

Front 9

postmodern

Back 9

Groups characterized by superficiality and depthlessness

Front 10

symbolic-interaction

Back 10

Size of groups influences the kinds of interaction

Front 11

Dyad

Back 11

A group composed of two members

Front 12

Triad

Back 12

A group composed of three members

Front 13

Expressive leadership

Back 13

People oriented

Front 14

Instrumental leadership

Back 14

Task oriented

Front 15

Authoritarian

Back 15

Dictate specifics to group membership

Front 16

Democratic

Back 16

Member involvement

Front 17

laissez-faire leadership

Back 17

Mainly let group function on its own

Front 18

Solomon Asch’s research

Back 18

Compromising our own judgements.

Front 19

Groupthink

Back 19

JFKJFLKJDJFlj

Front 20

Normative

Back 20

Voluntary organizations, charities, non-profits, churches. Ties to personal morality

Front 21

Coercive

Back 21

Punishment or treatment. Total institutions prisons, mental institutions

Front 22

utilitarian organizations

Back 22

Material rewards for members, corporations, governments

Front 23

Bureaucracy (characteristics and problems)

Back 23

Hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical competence, impersonality, formal written communications and specialization of duties

Front 24

PROBLEMS with Bureaucracy

Back 24

Bureaucratic alienation, Bureaucratic ritualism, Bureaucratic inertia, Oligarchy

Front 25

Deviance

Back 25

The recognized violation of cultural norms.

Front 26

Social control

Back 26

Society regulating behavior

Front 27

Functions of deviance

Back 27

Clarifies the rules, Brings people together, and promotes social change.

Front 28

Criminal

Back 28

Devoted to illegal means of securing income

Front 29

Retreatist

Back 29

Unable to gain success through legitimate means and are unwilling to do so through illegal means

Front 30

conflict gangs

Back 30

Communities do not provide legitimate or illegitimate opportunities, members seek to develop a reputation

Front 31

Sutherland’s differential association theory

Back 31

Conformity or deviance depends on the amount of contact others. If peers engage in conventional behavior so will individual, If peers engage in deviance, so will individual.

Front 32

Labeling theory

Back 32

(primary- First violation of norms. and secondary deviance- Stigmas often attached through degradation ceremonies.)

Front 33

organized crimes

Back 33

Supplying illegal goods or services and immigrants, mafia, and other minorities, Colombians and Russians

Front 34

retribution

Back 34

Moral vengeance

Front 35

Incapacitation

Back 35

rehabilitation and deterrence

Front 36

Social stratification

Back 36

System by which society rates people in a social hierarchy

Front 37

open, closed, slavery

Back 37

Closed system, extreme form, some people are owned by others

Front 38

Caste

Back 38

Lack of mobility

Front 39

Social mobility

Back 39

(upward, downward, horizontal, intergenerational, intragenerational)

Front 40

Marxian class structure

Back 40

proletariat(workers) and bourgeoisie(capitalists)

Front 41

4 class structures of Marxian

Back 41

(Capitalist, managerial, small business, working class)

Front 42

Weberian class structure

Back 42

Upper class, upper-middle class, middle class, working class, working poor class, underclass

Front 43

Reasons capitalism has not been overthrown in Western world

Back 43

Weber’s multidimensional approach to stratification (wealth, power, prestige)

Front 44

postmodern

Back 44

Reveals how the powerful exert control over the powerless (takes away their free will to think and act)

Front 45

Functionalist

Back 45

conflict, symbolic interactionist, feminist

Front 46

Public order

Back 46

violent, property, victimless