S&f Chapter 8: Nervous System

Front 1

function of the nervous system

Back 1

transmit impulses that are ultimately responsible for increasing and/or decreasing the activity of other body systems to maintain homeostasis

Front 2

cell body, dendrites, axon

Back 2

name the three parts of a neuron

Front 3

dendrites

Back 3

to cell body

Front 4

axon

Back 4

away from cell body

Front 5

myelin

Back 5

____ composed of Schwann cells (neurilemma surround these cells) and Nodes of Ranvier are spaces between the axon and dendrites in the neuron

Front 6

sensory, motor neurons, and interneurons

Back 6

name the three types of neurons

Front 7

sensory

Back 7

afferent; to the spinal cord and brain

Front 8

motor neurons

Back 8

efferent; to muscle and glandular epithelial tissue

Front 9

interneurons

Back 9

central or connection; from sensory to motor neurons

Front 10

glia

Back 10

supporting nerve cells

Front 11

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells

Back 11

name the four types of glia

Front 12

astrocytes

Back 12

glia that create blood brain barrier

Front 13

microglia

Back 13

glia that perform phagocytosis

Front 14

oligodendrocytes

Back 14

glia that produce the myelin sheath

Front 15

schwann cells

Back 15

glia that produce myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system

Front 16

nerve tracts

Back 16

group of peripheral nerve fibers that usually have myelin sheath surrounding

Front 17

axons

Back 17

bundles of ____ form white matter

Front 18

gray matter

Back 18

brain and spinal cord are not surrounded by myelin sheath making them appear different, called ____ ____

Front 19

synapse

Back 19

impulses from presynaptic neuron are transmitted to postsynaptic neuron

Front 20

synaptic knob, synaptic cleft, plasma membrane

Back 20

three parts of synapse

Front 21

synaptic knob

Back 21

axon with neurotransmitter

Front 22

synaptic cleft

Back 22

space between to neurons

Front 23

plasma membrane

Back 23

synapse receptor

Front 24

neurotransmitters

Back 24

communication chemicals

Front 25

catecholamines and endorphins

Back 25

name the two main types of neurotransmitters

Front 26

catecholamines

Back 26

sleep, motor function, mood, and pleasure recognition are the functions of _____

Front 27

acetylocholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Back 27

name the four types of catecholamines

Front 28

endorphins

Back 28

neurotransmitter that functions as pain relief

Front 29

action potential

Back 29

one way electrical impulse

Front 30

myelin

Back 30

white, fatty substance formed by schwann cells that wrap around some axons outside the central nervous systemsd

Front 31

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 31

indentations between adjacent schwann cells

Front 32

neurilemma

Back 32

outer cell membrane of a schwann cell

Front 33

glioma

Back 33

one of the most common types of brain tumors

Front 34

nerve

Back 34

group of peripheral nerve fibers (axons) bundled together like the strands of a cable

Front 35

endoneurium

Back 35

the thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each axon in a nerve

Front 36

epineurium

Back 36

a tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve

Front 37

perineurium

Back 37

connective tissue that encircles a bundle of nerve fibers within a nerve

Front 38

reflex arcs

Back 38

occur ore quickly than response required by CNS

Front 39

reflex arcs

Back 39

involve one sensory and one motor neuron, or one of each neuron type

Front 40

reflex arcs

Back 40

one-way

Front 41

action potentials

Back 41

nerve impulses are also called ____ _____

Front 42

receptor

Back 42

peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite

Front 43

central nervous system

Back 43

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Front 44

peripheral nervous system

Back 44

consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves

Front 45

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Back 45

three parts of the brainstem

Front 46

effector

Back 46

responding organ

Front 47

reflex

Back 47

response to impulse conduction over a reflex are is called a ____

Front 48

cardiac, respiratory, a vasomotor

Back 48

reflex centers of brainstem

Front 49

cerebellum

Back 49

outer-gray matter with large surface area to process information. Inner - white matter (arbor vitae)

Front 50

coordination, equilibrium, posture, coordination of brain functioning

Back 50

four functions of the cerebellum

Front 51

hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal body

Back 51

three structures of the diencephalon

Front 52

hypothalamus

Back 52

hormones for overall body functioning: body temperature, fluid balance, sleep cycle, appetite control, emotions

Front 53

thalamus

Back 53

sensations and the feelings associated with them; arousal mechanism

Front 54

pineal body

Back 54

timekeeper - adjusts melatonin based on light

Front 55

consciousness, thinking, emotions, memory, willed movement

Back 55

functions of the cerebrum

Front 56

cerebrum

Back 56

controls movement on opposite side

Front 57

outer appearance of the cerbrum

Back 57

contains gyri, sulci, and corpus callosum

Front 58

gyri

Back 58

ridges of cerebrum

Front 59

sulci

Back 59

grooves of cerebrum

Front 60

corpus callosum

Back 60

connects right and left hemispheres of cerebrum

Front 61

frontal lobe (a)

Back 61

controls muscle coordination, conscious though, and motor speech (broca's area)

Front 62

parietal lobe (b)

Back 62

controls body sense perception, taste, sensory speech area (wernicke area)

Front 63

broca's area

Back 63

controls motor speech

Front 64

wernicke area

Back 64

controls sensory speech

Front 65

temporal lobe (c)

Back 65

controls auditory association and auditory

Front 66

occipital lobe (d)

Back 66

controls visual cortex and visual association

Front 67

spinal cord

Back 67

controls spinal tracts (ascending and descending) and is the center for reflex arcs

Front 68

dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

Back 68

name the three layers protecting spinal cord and brain

Front 69

meninges

Back 69

protective structure of the CNS

Front 70

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 70

fills empty spaces and cerebral ventricles, filtering occurs in the choroid plexus, is a protective structure of the CNS

Front 71

olfactory

Back 71

cranial nerve that controls smell

Front 72

optic

Back 72

cranial nerve that controls vision

Front 73

trigeminal

Back 73

cranial nerves that control chewing

Front 74

facial

Back 74

cranial nerves that control taste and expressions

Front 75

vestibulocochlear

Back 75

cranial nerves that control hearing and balance

Front 76

spinal nerves

Back 76

conduct impulses to other nerves

Front 77

sympathetic nervous system

Back 77

division of ANS, emergency system, increase response to produce rapid changes call the fight or flight response

Front 78

parasympathetic nervous sytem

Back 78

control of normal, everyday functions of organs

Front 79

autonomic nervous system

Back 79

motor neurons from spinal cord to cardiac muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue, and glandular epithelial tissue

Front 80

autonomic nervous system

Back 80

regulation of involuntary functions

Front 81

autonomic nervous system

Back 81

two divison: sympathetic and parasympathetic