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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ovary |
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Fallopian Tube/Oviduct |
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Vagina |
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cervix |
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uterus |
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endometrium |
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Fimbriae |
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what does ovary do |
The ovary is where oocytes mature prior to release (ovulation) – it also responsible for estrogen and progesterone secretion |
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what are fimibriae and what they do |
Fimbria (plural: fimbriae) are a fringe of tissue adjacent to an ovary that sweep an oocyte into the oviduct |
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what do oviducts/fallopian tubes do |
The oviduct (or fallopian tube) transports the oocyte to the uterus – it is also typically where fertilisation occurs |
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what is the uterus for |
The uterus is the organ where a fertilised egg will implant and develop (becoming an embryo) |
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what is the endometrium for |
The mucous membrane lining of the uterus, it thickens in preparation for implantation or is otherwise lost (via menstruation) |
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what is the vagina for |
Passage leading to the uterus by which the penis can enter |
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what is the cervix for |
the cervix separates the uterus from from the vagina, and protects the uterus |
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Testis (testes plural) |
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Testis (testes) |
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Penis |
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Penis |
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Epididymis |
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Epididymis |
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Vas Deferens / Sperm Duct |
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Vas Deferens / Sperm Duct |
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Seminal Vesicle |
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Seminal Vesicle |
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Prostate Gland |
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Prostate Gland |
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Urethra |
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Urethra |
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Testis |
The testis (plural: testes) is responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone (male sex hormone) |
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Epididymis |
Site where sperm matures and develops the ability to be motile (i.e. ‘swim’) – mature sperm is stored here until ejaculation |
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Vas Deferens/ sperm duct |
Long tube which conducts sperm from the testes to the prostate gland (which connects to the urethra) during ejaculation |
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Seminal Vesicle |
Secretes fluid containing fructose (to nourish sperm), mucus (to protect sperm) and prostaglandin (triggers uterine contractions) |
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Prostate Gland |
Secretes an alkaline fluid to neutralise vaginal acids (necessary to maintain sperm viability) |
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Urethra |
Conducts sperm / semen from the prostate gland to the outside of the body via the penis (also used to convey urine) |
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Penis |
the protruding part of the male reproductive system |
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What do Mitosis and Meiosis do? |
Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells. Anywhere in the body. The daughters are clones of the parent cell, with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) each. Meiosis produces for gametes. Eggs in the ovaries, and sperm in the epididymis. The genes of the gametes are mixed, and they only have 23 chromosomes. |
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What are the 4 main hormones of the menstrual cycle |
FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone |
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What does the hormone FSH stand for, and what does it do? |
Follicle Stimulating Hormone Stimulate hormone growth (duh), and stimulates the release of estrogen |
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What does the hormone LH stand for, and what does it do? |
Luteinizing Hormone Causes ovulation, and results in the formation of the corpus luteum. |
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What does estrogen do? |
Stimulates thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining). inhibits the further production of LH and FSH. Except for pre-ovulation stage |
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What does progesterone do? |
Stimulates thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining). Also inhibits the further production of LH and FSH |
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What does the corpus luteum do |
produces the hormone progesterone A new one forms each time you ovulate and breaks down once you no longer need it to make progesterone. |
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What are the four stages of the menstruation cycle |
Follicular phase Ovulation Luteal phase Menstruation |
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What happens during the follicular phase |
FSH stimulates follicle, follicle produces estrogen to inhibit FSH to prevent other follicles growing Estrogen stimulates the thickening of the endometrius (uterine lining) |
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What happens during the ovulation phase |
around day 12 surge in estrogen causes surge in FSH and LH LH surge causes follicle to rupture and produce an egg |
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What happens during luteal phase |
ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum estrogen and progesterone thicken uterine lining and inhibit LH and FSH |
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What happens during menstruation |
day 28 if fertilisation: egg becomes zygote and etc if not: corpus luteum degenerates estrogen and progesterone levels drop uterine lining sheds (period) |
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What are the first three stages of development after an egg is fertilised |
Zygote -> Morula -> Blastocyst |
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What is a zygote |
single cell combo of sperm and egg cell |
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whats a blastocyst |
one week embryo with a zona pellicuda, an inner layer of cells, an outer layer of cells, and a cavity between them. |
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describe the implantation of the blastocyst |
Blastocyst sheds the zona pellicuda and implants itself into the endometrium (uterine lining) |
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What is the embryonic period |
5th to 10th weeks of pregnancy, where major organs form. During this, it's considered an "embryo" afterwards, it's considered a "fetus" |
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What happens to the inner and outer layer of cells in the blastocyst |
the inner layer becomes the developing child the outer layer becomes the placenta |
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What is the role of the placenta |
To transport between the mother and the fetus, through the blood. the blood of the two never directly mix. To produce progesterone after the corpus luteum degenerates. |
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What does the mother pass on to through the placenta, and vice versa |
Mother -> fetus Water, Oxygen, Carbs, Amino Acids, Antibodies, and some Lipids Fetus -> Mother Carbon Dioxide, Waste (urea etc), and hCG (which keeps the corpus luteum alive for longer) |
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What does hCG stand for and what does it do |
human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Hormone that tells the body to keep the corpus luteum alive for longer, once pregnancy occurs |
