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270 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three physical qualities do all liquids have in common?
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Incompressibility, expansion and contraction, and pressure transmission
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Explain Bernoulli's principle as it concerns the flow of fluids.
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As pressure of a fluid goes down, the velocity increases.
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Explain how Pascal's law applies to a confined liquid.
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When a force is exerted on a confined liquid, the pressure is transmitted equally.
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What's the difference between a liquid and a gas?
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Gases fill their container completely, are ligheter than equal amounts of liquid, and are highly compressible
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What's the only safe gas used in hydraulic systems?
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Pure nitrogen
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Explain Boyle's law.
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The volume of a gas varies inversly with it's pressure.
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Explain Charles' law.
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Gases expand and contract in proportion to temperature charge.
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Define "Force".
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The amount of push or pull on an object.
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Define "Stroke" (length).
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A measurement of distance expressed in inches.
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Using the force, pressure, and area triangle, determine how many pounds is on the surface of a piston when the pressure is 300 PSI and the area is 3 squared inches.
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900lb
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What would be the length of travel if a 5 square inch piston displaced 100 cubic inches of fluid?
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20in
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What's mechanical advantage?
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The amount that an applied force is multiplied in the output of the device
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What is the difference between potential and kinectic energy?
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Potential energy is energy at rest. Kinectic energy is energy in motion.
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What are the two most commonly used systems of measurement?
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Metric and standard
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How many divisions are there in the centigrade temperature scale?
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100
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Convert 70 degrees Fahrenheit to Centigrade. (Round off to the nearest whole degree)
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~21 degrees
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What four aerodynamic forces affect an aircraft in flight?
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Gravity, thrust, drag, and lift
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Define AOA.
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Angle between a wing's chord line and the flight path
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What are three axes that act upon an aircraft?
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Longitudinal, lateral, vertical
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What controls all directional movements of an aircraft?
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Primary flight controls
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What flight controls are used to make an aircraft climb or dive?
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Elevators
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How is movement of the rudder controlled?
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Rudder pedals
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In what position are the ailerons when an aircraft is making a right bank?
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Right is up and left is down
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What are the secondary flight control surfaces?
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Spoilers, flaps, speed brakes, and trim systems
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What are the four basic types of flaps?
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Split, leading edge, plain, and fowler
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What's the purpose of speed brakes?
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Increase drag to decrease landing distance
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What are the three types of trim systems?
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Roll, pitch, and yaw
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What mode of the auto pilot system automatically maintains aircraft speed?
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Mach hold
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What's corrosion?
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The deterioration of a metal caused by a chemical reaction with the sorrounding eviroment.
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In what three areas of the aircraft is corrosion most likely to occur?
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Airframe, landing gear, and hydraulic system
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Where should special attention be given in a hydraulic system when you're looking for corrosion?
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Areas around tube connections
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What type of mechanical testing subjects the item to continuous stress?
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Fatigue
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Name three types of NDI (Non-destructive inspections).
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Magnetic, penetrant, and X-ray
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What four inspection requirements are basic to most aircraft?
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Components for leaking, security for mounting, chaffing, and safety wiring
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During inspections, what common inspection items are often found to be installed wrong or are missing?
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Safety wiring
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Where do you begin your inspection when you're inspecting the flight control system? Why?
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On the flight deck because all controls begin there.
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What would you do if you found an actuator that looks like it's leaking?
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Perform an operational check to see if the leaking is out of limits.
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Depending on the background color, what color are the servicing markings and the ground handling markings?
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Servicing markings are either black and white. Ground-handling markers are orange-yellow with a black or white outline.
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Why is ambient air temperature important when servicing an accumulator?
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Gases expand or contract when the temperature rises or falls.
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What's the torque value of the swivel nut on a schrader valve?
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50-70lb
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Why shouldn't you use the data plate when servicing reservoirs?
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The data isn't updated like the TOs.
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What can happen if you pump too fast when you're servicing a hydraulic reservoir with a servicing cart?
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You can rupture the reservoir.
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What's meant by the term "Hard strut method"?
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The aircraft is on the ground resting on it's landing gear.
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When you're deflating a shock strut, what precaution must you take when you're loosening the swivel nut on the air servicing valve?
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Hold the body nut with a backup wrench.
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Why must you rock the aircraft's wings while you're servicing the struts?
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This helps eliminate binding between the inner and outer cylinder.
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What may happen if a strut's chamber is underpressurized?
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The strut may not overcome o-ring friction.
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List in order the five steps of the problem-solving method of troubleshooting.
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Observe the problem, develop a list of probable causes, isolate through elimination, take corrective action, verify the fix.
(Our Dumb Instructor Takes Viagra) |
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An aircraft has just landed and you recieve an in-flight write-up for sluggish rudder movements. What would be your first action to correct the malfunction?
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Read the write-up and speak with who discovered the trouble.
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After you correct a malfunction, why must you operate teh system?
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To verify that the fix worked.
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Name two kinds of flares used in aircraft plumbing.
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Single and double
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What will happen if a flare is made too small?
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There will be weak joints which may leak or pull apart.
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What's meant by the term "Presetting" a flareless tubing?
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The sleeve is permenantly attached to the tube.
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Is the sleeve allowed to rotate on flareless tubing?
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Yes
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What will happen if you overtighten an MS flareless fitting?
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You'll deform the sleeve or tube
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Describe system identification tape.
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A 1-inch wide strip with words, colors, and symbols printed on it.
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What's the geometric symbol for hydraulics?
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Circles
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What's the physical difference between MIL-H-8788 bulk hose and MIL-H-8794 builk hose?
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8788 is a high-pressure hose with an additional wire braid and smooth outside covering
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What's the preferred method of storing hose?
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Straight position in a cool, dark place
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What's the storage life for bulk rubber hose?
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13 years
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Can you reuse high-pressure rubber hose fittings?
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No.
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When you're fabricating a medium-pressure hose with Teflon resin using MIL-F-27272 fittings, what type of lubrication is needed on the fittings? Why?
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None. Components are permanently.
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In what TO are hose proof pressure charts found?
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42E1-1-1
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Where is the manufactured date etched on a hose?
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On a flat surface of each socket
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How does hose kinking occur?
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When a hose is bent around a shorter radius than allowed
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What is wire braid damage dependent upon?
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System pressure
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On rubber hoses, why is it a good idea to replace the hose when cracks are deep enough to expose the fabric cord?
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Gradual weakening will occur until eventual failure
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What common hand tools and equipment are needed for hand assembly of medium-pressure hoses of Teflon resin assemblies?
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Vise, hacksaw, masking tape, wrenches, and a hydraulic testing unit
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What do you check for when reusing medium-pressure hoses made of Teflon resin fittings?
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Damaged threads or distortion
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Installed hoses that are bent too sharp will cause what?
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Reduced service life and possible restricted fluid flow
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How do you determine the minimum bend radius of a hose?
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The bend radii chart in 42E1-1-1
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What is the objective of the CTK? `
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To eliminate FOD
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What are the three basic types of hammers?
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Hard-faced, soft-faced, and sledge
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What should screwdrivers be used for?
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Tightening and loosening screws
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How do you know whether you're using the correct size screwdriver?
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It's large enough for the job, and the blade fits snugly into the slot
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What type of screwdriver fits cross-recessed screws?
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Cross-[pomt
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What type of screwdriver would you use if there's not enough room for a standard screwdriver?
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Offset
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What are arc joint pliers used for?
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Gripping odd-shaped objects
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What are diagonal pliers used for?
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Cutting soft wire and are used to spread split ends of a cotter pin
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What are needle-nose pliers used for?
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Making delicate adjustments
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What are slip-joint pliers used for?
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Clipping cotter pins
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What are Duckbill pliers used for?
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Holding or bending flat/round stock. They are also suitable for twisting wire when twisting wire pliers aren't available.
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What are wire-twister pliers for?
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They can perform three functions: hold, twist, and cut.
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Why should you pull, rather than push, with a wrench?
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To prevent damage to your knuckles
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What type of wrench would you use to loosen or tighten odd sized nuts and bolts?
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Adjustable jaw wrench
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Why do wrenches with smaller openings also have a shorter overall length?
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The length is in proportion to the leverage
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What's one of the best features about a box-end wrench?
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Can be used in close quarters
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What type of wrench would you use to remove or install filter bowls?
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Strap wrench
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Prior to using the speed handle to loosen nuts, what handle would you use?
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Hinge handle
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What will probably happen the first time you use a hacksaw if the blade isn't drawn up tight?
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The blade will break
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List four types of punches.
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Center, starting, drift/taper, pin
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What are starting punches sometimes called?
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Drifts
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What is the smallest measurement that can be with a 6-inch ruler?
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64th of an inch
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Why are the thin blades of a thickness guage placed between the thicker blades?
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To prevent kinks and creases in the thinner blades
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What should you do before you use a thickness guage?
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clear the blades
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What must you be sure of when you are using a spring scale to adjust tension?
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The pull of the spring is perpendicular to the lever
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What's the range of threads per inch for a thread guage?
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8 to 80
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What are two measurement capabilities of the dial indicator?
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Out of roundness and end play of the shaft
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How would you "Zero in" a dial indicator?
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Place the dial indicator against the item to be measure, loosen the lockscrew, and rotate the dial to zero.
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How do you get the total movement of a dial indicator?
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By adding the plus and minus reading
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Where is the cable placed on a tensionmeter?
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Between the two-hardened steel blocks called anvils
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What's the purpose of the cable size indicator?
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Determines the size of the cable
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What's the purpose of the tensiometer handle?
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Clamp or felease the cable during tension measurement
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How can you check the tensiometer for accuracy?
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Use the test bar
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How would you say the decimal 6.154?
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6 and 154 thousandths of an inch
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What's usually stamped on a micrometer frame?
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The size
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What's the purpose of a ratchet on a micrometer?
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To prevent excess pressure
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Why shouldn't the spindle be tightened against the anvil when a micrometer is being stored?
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May ruin future accuracy
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How should an object to be measured be placed between the anvil and spindle of the micrometer?
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Squarely
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A micrometer that can measure 10-thousandths of an inch has what type of addtional scale?
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Vernier
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What's the most common type of torque wrench used in the Air Force?
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Break-away
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How do you increase the torque setting on a torque wrench?
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Turn the handle clockwise
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What ensures the torque wrench setting doesn't change when it's being used?
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A locking device
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What's meant by "Calibration"?
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Bringing a tool into acceptable tolerance
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What are the two methods of safety wiring?
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Double twist and single wire
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What's the maximum number of widely spaced bolts that can be safetied together using the double-twist method of safety wiring?
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Three
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Explain how a cotter pin should be bent.
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One prong is bent over th bolt without exceeding the bolt's diameter. The other prong is bent down against the nut but doesn't touch the washer.
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Why are clamps used in an aircraft hydraulic system?
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To properly adjust rigid hosing or tubing
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What's the purpose of hydraulic fittings?
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To provide a simple connection between components
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How many degrees is the flared bevel on an AN fitting?
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37 degrees
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MS fittings are primarily designed for use in what type systems?
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High pressure
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What's the difference between pipe threads and machine threads?
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Pipe threads are tapered. Machine threads are straight.
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Generally speaking, when a bolt is installed, how long should the grip length be?
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A few thousandths of an inch shorther than the actual grip to avoid bottoming the nut.
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Why are self-locking nuts not used on joints in aircraft control systems?
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Movement of the join would cause the nut to rotate against the surface on which the nut is bearing
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What are three advantages of quick disconnects?
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Easy/quick, eliminates excessive fluid loss, and prevents air induction
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What do you call the quick-disconnect that mounts through a bulkhead?
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female half
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Name two methods to secure turnbuckles.
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Safety wires or safety clips
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What are control rods used for? What metals are they made of?
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Transmits both push and pull motion, steel or aluminum alloy
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What mechanical devices are designed to limit the range of movement of a unit?
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Stops
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What determines cable size?
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Cable diameter
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What's the purpose of a pulley?
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Change cable directions, angle of pull, or to clear obstacles
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What's the purpose of a cable pressure seal?
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Preventing loss of cabin pressure.
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What are the two general types of seals used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems?
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Dyanamic and static
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O-ring seals that are used with MIL-H-83282 hydraulic fluid are made from what compound?
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Nitril
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What does the 223 stand for in seal part number MS28775-223?
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Size of the seal
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Can you properly identify a seal visually?
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No
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What's the shelf-life of a seal made from Buna-N (Nitril)?
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72 moths
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Why must you use extreme care when installing seals?
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To prevent cutting the seal
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What are the split ends of a Teflon backup called?
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Scarf
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What part of the shaft seal rotates with the drive shaft?
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Mating ring
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What properties and characteristics must hydraulic fluid have in order to operate efficiently?
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Should flow freely at extremely low and high temperatures, should be noncorrosive to metals, shouldn't deteriorate packings and gaskets, should have good lubricating qualities, should have low toxicity, should have a high flashpoint, and should be made from readily available products at a reasonable price
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Which hydraulic fluid is used in most USAF aircraft?
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MIL-H-83282
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What are some advantages that MIL-H-87257 hydraulic fluid has over other types of hydraulic fluid?
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It's biodegradable and eco friendly, has a high flashpoint, broad operating temperature range, and has better lubricating qualities than other hydraulic fluids.
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How might prolonged or repeated skin contact with hydraulic fluid affect you?
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May cause drying of the skin and minor skin disorders such as dermatits, folliculitis, or oil acne
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What should you do if you get MIL-H-83282 hydraulic fluid in your eyes?
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Immediately flush your eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding your eyelid open. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
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What are the dangers associated with a misting hydraulic leak?
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Misting hydraulic fluid is dangerous because it may be inhaled. Also, the source of the mist may be a pinhole leak that presents amputation or injection hazards
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Name four practices for properly handling hydraulic fluid.
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Be quality concious at all times, always maintain cleanliness, keep hydraulic fluid segregated and properly indentifed, and store hydraulic fluid in places where indoor temperatures prevail.
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Why might regulations for disposing of hydraulic fluid differ from base to base?
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Regulations might differ because base procedures comply with local regulations. Each state may develop it's own regulations for disposal and storage of hazardous materials.
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State the scientific principle for lubricant.
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Lubrication is the appplication of scientific principles for reducing friction between two sliding surfaces by seperating them with a substance called a lubricant.
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How much grease should you force into a fitting?
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Force grease into the fitting until new grease is evident.
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What type of grease is recommended for use in pneumatic systems? Why?
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Grease having military spec G-4343. This grease has qualities that are better suited for pneumatic systems because it won't harden and jam the solenoids of valves and orifices when it gets cold.
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How can you recognize P-D-680 types I and II?
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They are recognizable by a kerosene odor.
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Which solvent would you use to clean acrylic components? Why?
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Naptha. Because it won't cause crazing of the acrylic.
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What is the trend in the new solvents?
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Less toxicity and more enviromentally friendly
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Which solvents should you dispose of down a drain?
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You shouldn't dispose of solvents down the drain.
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What abrasive paper can be used on most surfcaes?
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Alminum oxide paper
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What do sealants prevent?
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Invasion of moisture, rain, salt water, dust, and aircraft fluids
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What ar e the two basic reasons you'll be required to use sealants?
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Pressure sealing and weather sealing
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Who can handle and apply sealants?
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Qualified personnel
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What is a faying-surface seal?
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A seal brought about by the sandwiching of sealant between mating surfaces of asemblies
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What's the main difference between MIL-S-81733 and MIL-2-8802?
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MIL-S-81733 has chromates added for inhibiting corrosion
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Why is it important to properly clean a surface before applying sealant?
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Because sealant won't adhere to a surface that hasn't cleaned completely
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What's RTV?
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A room temperature vulcanized sealant that's silicone-based
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When mixing in the accelerator for a sealant, what ratio do you use?
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The ratio specified by the manufacturer.
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What's the rule of thumb when handling RTV?
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If it smells like vinegar, don't use it!
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What are the two types of electricity in use today?
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Alternating current and direct current
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The pressure that forces electrons through a conductor is called what?
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Voltage
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What is the graphical symbol for vooltage used in an electrical equation?
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E
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The rate of flow, or intensity, is measured in what?
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Amps
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What is the graphical symbol for current used in an electrical equation?
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I
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The opposition to the flow of current is called what?
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Resistance
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What is the graphical symbol for resistance used in an electrical equation?
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R
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Describe Ohm's law.
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Current is equal to voltage divided by resistance
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How are wires represented on electical schematics?
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By straight lines
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How are electrical devices connected in a series circuit?
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End-to-end
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Describe Kirchhoff's voltage law.
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In a closed circuit, the sum of the voltage drops equals the applied voltage
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A series circuit has 28 volts applied through a total resistance of 14 Ohms. What's the current?
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I=E/R
I=28/14 I=2 amps |
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What's the total resistance in a series circuit?
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The sum of the individual resistances
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What do you call the separate paths for current flow in a parallel circuit?
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Branches The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of what current?
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The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of what current?
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The current flowing through the legs
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What causes most electrical troubles?
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Opens and shorts
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What are the two important points to remember while troubleshooting a DC circuit with a voltmeter?
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Connect the multimeter in parallel with the circuit. Observe polarities when checking DC voltages
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What does an ohmmeter reading of infinity across a resistor indicate?
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An open
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If open circuits cause current flow to cease, what do shorts produce?
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Larger than normal currents.
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When checking the continuity of your test leads, what readings should you et on the meter?
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OL to 0
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What can you measure with a digital multimeter?
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AC/DC voltage, AC, DC and Ohms
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Draw the symbol for Ohms.
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Ω (The name of the symbol is Omega. To draw the symbol with a keyboard. Hold down Alt and type "234" on your keypad)
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What will the DC voltage readings be between when the rotary function switch is placed in the DC Volt position?
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-1000 to +1000
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When will the digital meter go into auto-range mode?
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When the rotary function is placed to the volts AC or volts DC position
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Why would you initiate the touch-hold mode?
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To take measurement's from something diffcult to reach
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How many input jacks are there on the digital multimeter?
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Four
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`How does DC current flow?
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Negative to positive
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In a DC circuit, the current leaving a resistor will have what type of polarity when compared to the current flowing into the resistor?
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Positive
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What is an electrical schematic?
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A drawing of an electrical system or subsystems
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What is an advantage of a general schematic?
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It isn't so crowded with details
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Which type of electrical schemtaic would you consult in order to find out how a wire is routed?
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Wiring diagram
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Which is the easier way to follow power in a schematic: From power to ground or from ground to power?
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Power to ground
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What two things do electrical components need in order to work?
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Power and ground
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What information can you get from a general system TO that will help you with following scehmatics?
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The function of components
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What devices are designed to interrupt current flow through a circuit when excessive current or load is applied? Why?
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Circuit breakers, current limiters, and fuses
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Why are switches so important in an electrical schematic?
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Because they change the path that electricty takes
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What causes a manually-operated swithc to change positions?
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A person
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When a switch has multiple poles, how do schematics usually indicate that the multiple poles move together?
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A dotted line connects them
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How are spring-loaded swithces usually drawn in a schematic?
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In their spring-loaded position
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What causes a position switch to change positions?
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They're moved by a moving surface on the aircraft
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Explain why "Locked" does not mean the same thing as "Not unlocked".
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The lock may be between the locked and unlocked potiion
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What causes a relay to become energized?
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Power and ground
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What does a diode do?
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Allows current flow in one direction
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Name two advantages of identifying applied voltage before you start floowing a scehmatic.
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You don't have to follow all the way back to the circui to check if a component has power, andit gives you a first glimpse of how the system works.
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How are position switches generally shown in a schematic?
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In their spring-loaded positions
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Where should you start in a schemati you're trying to learn more about how a system works?
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The controls switches
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Where should you start in a schematic if you're troubleshooting to find out why a specific component isn't working?
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The component
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What's meant by skiving?
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Removing the outer material down to the wire braid
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What's the largest size hose that the hose cutting and skiving machine will cut?
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3-inch diameter
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What will happen if the electric motor on the hose cutting and skiving machine exceeds full-load current?
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Thermal overload relay will trip
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What's the purpose of the movable pins in the in the hose-cutting section of the hose cutting and skiving machine?
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Securing the hose at the desired cutting radius
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What's the purpose of the oil fog system on the hose cutting and skiving machine?
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Cooling and lubricating the blade
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What types of lubricants should you NOT use on the cutting and skiving machine?
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Graphite, sooaps, or fillers
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What size hose can the hose assembly machine make?
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Medium pressure hoses 3 to 32 and high pressure 4 to 16
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What can you do to change the speed of the hose manufacturing machine?
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Move the dirve belt
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In what position is the overriding head when you're manufacturing a medium-pressure hose assembly using the hose assembly machine?
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Disengaged
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You're using the hose assembly machine to make a medium pressure rubber hose assembly. To do this properly, how far should the socket extend from the carriage vise?
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1/8 in to 1/4in
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What would you do to unscrew the mandrel from the hose fitting after you've attained the correct gap on a medium-pressure rubber hose?
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Apply the brake and switch to reverse.
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What type of grease is used to lubricate the hose assmebly machine?
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MIL-G-81322
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On the Avitech test stand, what's the constant horsepower output of the DC electrical motor?
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60
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What's the capacity of the Avitech high pressure hydraulic pump?
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30 gpm at 3,750 rpm
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What item will automatically shut down the test when the fluid level drops below half full level?
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low0level swithc on the resevoir
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What protects the main flwometer from excessive pressure? How is leakage indicated?
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A relief valve connected to the reservoir return line. Leakage is indicated by a sight flow indicator.
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What's used to maintain the hydraulic fluid temperature within the test stand? What is it serviced with?
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A heat exchnager serviced with cooling water at 80 degrees
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What's the purpose of doing a before use check on the test stand?
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To look at certain item s before the stand is operated?
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How often is a reservoir pressurization swithc checked?
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Mothly
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During the 180 day inspection of the Avitech AV843 test stand, what would you inspect all components for?
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Evidence of over heating, loose connections, and loose mounting
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While pressure checking a hydraulic component, the test stand suddenly shuts down, what would you use to begin the troubleshooting process?
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The TO troubleshooting chart
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What safety hazard is asociated with the MJ-2A; but isn't prevalent in other equipment?
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Line rupture
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In what position must the reservoir selector valve be placed prior to filling the system?
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External
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During filling and bleeding, how should the fluid in the sight guage appear? Why?
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Fluid should be clear and bright red in color. Milky fluid indicates air in the system.
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What's the governed engine speed of the MJ-2A?
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2,550 RPM
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When will the bypass through cooler valve be opened?
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When the temperature approaches the red in the indicator
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How long should the unit be allowed to idle prior to shutdown? Why?
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5 minutes for cooling
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What's the maximum discharge pressure of the MC-1A air compressor?
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3,500 PSI
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At what RPM is the engine of an MC-1A operated for warm-up?
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1,00-1,200 RPM
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You have engaged the clutch on the MC-1A, the compressor oil pressure guage fails to show positive oil pressure after 5 seconds. In this situation, what would you do?
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Disengage the clutch.
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What componennt compresses the nitrogen to pressures as high as 4,400 PSIG?
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Booster compressor
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What is the purpose of the purity circuit?
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EEnsuring that the high pressure nitrogen is clean and dry
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List at least four hazrds which are present when the -60 generator set is operating.
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Noise, temperature, bleed air hose, and shock
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What action would you take if compustion doesn't occur within 15 seconds after you place the -60 start switch to on?
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Turn the master switch off.
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On the -60 generator set, when will the ready-to-load light illuminate?
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95% of governed speed
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On the -60, what will happen if the exhaust temperature exceeds 1,180 degrees while the unit is carrying both electrical and pneumatic loads?
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The electrical load will be dropped
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What's the purpose of the -86 generator set?
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Generating 115/200 volt, 3 phase, 400 Hz power to an aircraft for operation.
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What are maintenance stands designed to do?
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Provide working platforms
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What does a basic stand consist of?
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Base, upper structure, and platform assmebly
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What are the five commonly used maintenace stands?
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B-1, B-2, B-4, B-5, and C-1
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How do you lock the hydraulic cylinder used to raise the B-1 platform?
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Rotate the lock and the piston rod sleeve
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What are the variable heights of the five maintenance stands?
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B-1 is 3 to 10 feet, B-2 is 13 to 20 feet, B-4 is 3 to 7 feet, B-5 is 7 to 12 feet, and C-1 is 4 feet
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Which of the maintenance stands is nonadjustable?
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C-1
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What should you do to aircraft jacks before using them?
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Inspect them
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Where should the landing gear ground safety locks/pins be prior to jacking or lowering an aircraft?
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Installed
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How should each fuselage tripod jack be positioned to ensure maximum stability?
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with one leg pointing out board
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How high do you jack an aircraft?
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No higher than required
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What are the basic types of aircraft jacks?
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Variable, height, fixed height, and Nose/tail/axle jack groups
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What are the two major components of the jack pumping unit?
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Reservoir and single action pumps
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Give two reasons why the air vent on top of the reservoir should be opened during operation.
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To prevent vacuums
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What's the purpose of the safety locknut on the tripod jack?
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To prevent the ram from accidetally lowering.
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What are jack pads?
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Adapter units that allow the jack to fit the jack point to the aircraft
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Why should you hurry when you're removing jacks from under ain aircraft?
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To protect the wing from being impaled
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What's an advantage of a hydraulic jacing unit?
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The convienience of power jaciing multiple jacks alone
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On the hydraulic pumping unit, what would you check to determine if the alternator is functioning porperly?
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Ammeter
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You are doing a control valve test procedure on a jacking unit. During the test, one of the jacks moves. In this situation, what would you do?
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STOP!!!
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What should you do before lowering an aircraft?
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Clear the aircraft of all personell and equipment.
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What determines the type and capacity of the aircraft jack you should use?
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TO specifications
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What'ts the most accurate leveling device?
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Calibrated scale and plumb bob
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