Science Final Exam Review

Front 1

What is a physical change? Give one example.

Back 1

physical change- change in shape, size, state of matter EX: breaking a twig

Front 2

What is a chemical change?
Give on example.

Back 2

chemical change- change that produces new substances
EX: burning a twig

Front 3

Explain the difference between a chemical property and a physical property. Give one example of each.

Back 3

physical property- can be observed without changing what the object is made of EX: texture
chemical property- can only be observed by causing a reaction/changing what the substance is made of EX: flammability

Front 4

Which state of matter has a definite volume and a definite shape?

Back 4

solids

Front 5

What is the process of changing a liquid to a solid?

Back 5

freezing

Front 6

Describe what happens to the molecules in the water when it changes from a liquid to a gas.

Back 6

molecules move faster and farther apart because energy (heat) was taken away

Front 7

Describe what happens to the molecules in water when it changes from a liquid to a solid.

Back 7

molecules move slower and closer together because energy (heat) was taken away

Front 8

Define matter.

Back 8

matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 9

Define energy.

Back 9

the ability to do work or to cause change

Front 10

Define energy conversion.

Back 10

a change from one form of energy to another

Front 11

State the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Back 11

energy cannot be created or destroyed. the total amount of energy never changes

Front 12

You digest food to regulate your body temperature. Describe the energy conversion that has taken place.

Back 12

chemical enery in food is converted to thermal energy as heat

Front 13

Define kinetic energy.

Back 13

kinetic energy- the energy of motion

Front 14

Whenever an every conversion takes place, some energy is always lost to ______ energy.

Back 14

thermal energy

Front 15

What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?

Back 15

(elastic) potential energy

Front 16

Give 3 examples of fossil fuels.

Back 16

coal, oil, natural gas

Front 17

What are 2 energy conversions that take place in a battery-powered flashlight?

Back 17

chemical energy (battery) to electrical energy; electrical energy to electromagnetic energy (light)

Front 18

Are fossil fuels renewable or nonrenewable? Why?

Back 18

nonrenewable- they take hundreds of million of years to form

Front 19

Give three examples of renewable resources.

Back 19

solar, hydroelectric, win, geothermal, biomass

Front 20

Describe the differences in nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

Back 20

fusion- atoms are joined together, produces much energy; fission- atoms are split, produces less energy

Front 21

What is one advantage of using solar energy?

Back 21

solar energy will not run our for billions of years

Front 22

What energy conversions take place in a hydroelectric power plant?

Back 22

kinetic energy (flowing water) to kinetic energy in the turbine to electrical energy

Front 23

What energy conversions take place in a wind power plant?

Back 23

kinetic energy (moving air) to kinetic energy in the turbine to electrical energy

Front 24

Define motion.

Back 24

motion- when the distance from a reference point changes

Front 25

How do you know when an object is in motion?

Back 25

an object is an motion when its postition changes relative to a reference point

Front 26

Define reference point.

Back 26

reference point- a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion; we assume that the reference point is standing still

Front 27

What is the formula for speed?

Back 27

speed=distance divided by time

Front 28

What is the speed of a monkey who goes 10 kilometers in 2 hours on his unicycle?

Back 28

speed= distance divided by time; speed= 10 km divided by 2 hours; speed=5km/h

Front 29

When the speed of an object does not change, then it is traveling at a ____speed.

Back 29

constant speed

Front 30

On a graph showing an object's speed, which variable would you label the x-axis and the y-axis?

Back 30

x-axis=time; y-axis= distance

Front 31

On a motion graph (distance vs. time), what does a straight, horizontal line represent? What does a straight diagonal line represent?

Back 31

straight, horizontal line= object is not moving; straight diagonal line= constant speed

Front 32

Define force.

Back 32

force- a push or pull on an object

Front 33

What are balanced forces? Unbalanced?

Back 33

balanced forces- equal forces acting on an object that do not change the motion; unbalanced- unequal forces that change an object's motion

Front 34

Describe two forces that you encounter every day. (gravitational force, friction, contact force, magnetic force...)

Back 34

gravitational force- the pull of very massice objects (Earth, moon) toward their center; friction- pushes in the opposite direction of motion between 2 touching surfaces; contact force- push when 2 objects are touching; magnetic force- push or pull between magnetic objects

Front 35

What are 2 differences between continental and oceanic crust?

Back 35

continental- thick and less dense; oceanic- thinner and more dense

Front 36

What land formation will be created when two continental plates collide?

Back 36

mountain range