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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five characteristics of living thing things?
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They must respond to their environment, require energy, grow, reproduce and create waste
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What is an organelle?
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A cell part in which functions are carried out to ensure cell's survival
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What is the cell membrane?
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A thin protective covering that separates the interior of a cell from its surroundings; also movement of particles into and out of the cell
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What is the cytoplasm?
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A jelly-like substance within a cell, containing organelles, water, and other life supporting materials
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What is the nucleus?
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The organelle that contains controls all the activities within a cell
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What is DNA?
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid: the substance in the nucleus of a that carries the hereditary materials that is passed on from generation to generation during reproduction
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What is the mitochondria?
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The energy producers in a cell that carry out cellular respiration to produce energy for the cell
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What is cellular respiration?
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A process in which the chemical energy taken in through food is changed into energy that cells use to carry out their activities
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How does cellular respiration work?
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Cellular Respiration= food(glucose) + oxygen + carbon dioxide + water + energy that can be used by living things
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What is the ATP?
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The high energy molecule is produced by cellular respiration and is used by cells as a source of energy
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What is metabolism?
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The total of all chemical reactions that take place in the cells
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What are proteins?
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Essential nutrients used to build muscles, skin, hair, and nails; within cells, they are used to build various structures and are required for certain chemical reactions
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What are ribosomes?
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Cell parts (organelles) that assemble proteins
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What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Membrane covered channels that transports materials and creates lipids (fats)
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Membrane covered channels that transport material and is studded with ribosomes
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What is the Golgi body?
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A structure in cells that sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles
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What are vesicles?
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Membrane-wrapped structures that carry proteins, nutrients, and water into, out of, and around the inside of a cell
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What is a vacuole?
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A temporary storage compartment in cells, sometimes used to store waste; they are much larger in plant cells than in animal cells
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What is the lysosome?
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A cell-structure containing digestive chemicals that function to break down food particles, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts
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What is the cell wall?
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A tough, rigid structure that surrounds and protects a plant cell and gives the cell its rectangular box-like shape
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What are chloroplasts?
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Parts of plant cells that trap energy from the Sun and change it into chemical energy that plants use
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What is photosynthesis?
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A chemical reaction that takes place in plant cells when carbon dioxide and water react in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen
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What are the three main points in the cell theory?
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1. The cell is the basic unit of life
2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 3. All cells come from other living cells |
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What are prokaryotic cells?
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A type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membranes
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What are eukaryotic cells?
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A type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes
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What is bacteria?
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Any of various groups of single-celled micro-organisms, some of which can cause disease; they are prokaryotic cells
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What are viruses?
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Tiny non-living particles capable of reproducing only when they are inside a host cell; they have no nucleus or organelles and are usually disease causing
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What is diffusion?
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The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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What is concentration?
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The amount of a substance contained in a given space; the more there is, the higher the concentration
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What is a selectively permeable membrane?
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A membrane that allows some materials to pass through it but keeps other materials out
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What is equilibrium?
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In cells, a state in which there are the same number of particles on both sides of the cell membrane
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What is osmosis?
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The diffusion of water particles through a selectively permeable membrane; particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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How does photosynthesis work?
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light energy + carbon dioxide + water + food + oxygen
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