Science Chapters 2 & 3 Test

Front 1

cell cycle

Back 1

#1 Interphase

#2 Prophase

#3 Metaphase

#4 Anaphase

#5 Telophase

#6 Cytokinesis

Front 2

DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 2

The molecule that contains important info for making proteins and helps regulate many cellular processes

Front 3

cytoplasm

Back 3

jelly material that keeps organelles from bumping into each other; the material inside a cell, excluding the nucleus

Front 4

cell wall

Back 4

a rigid structure that surrounds and protects some cells

Front 5

cell membrane

Back 5

the structure that surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out

Front 6

chromosomes

Back 6

a structure that contains a cell's DNA

Front 7

ribosomes

Back 7

small structure that assembles proteins found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Front 8

The shape of DNA is referred to as a

Back 8

double helix

Front 9

mitochondria

Back 9

organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes most of the cells ATP

Front 10

cytoskeleton

Back 10

several types of long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell that help the cell maintain and change its shape

Front 11

lysosomes

Back 11

organelle in eukaryotic cells-demolition crew

Front 12

difference between unicellular and multicellular

Back 12

unicellular is an organism with one cell; multicellular is an organism with more than one cell

Front 13

cell theory

Back 13

model of cell that states: cells make up living things, come from pre-existing cells and perform functions of living cells

Front 14

Stomata

Back 14

tiny holes that take in CO2 on the bottom of the leaf

Front 15

fermentation

Back 15

chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts and other micro organisms

Front 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

network of tubes in eukaryotic cells that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules throughout the cell

Front 17

capsule

Back 17

slimy layer around some bacteria that protects them from harmful substances and prevents them from drying out

Front 18

mitosis

Back 18

the process of the cell cycle that ensures

that each new daughter cell produced has the same number and kinds of genes as the orginal parent cell

Front 19

cellular respiration

Back 19

the process in organisms of breaking down molecules to produce ATP

Front 20

meiosis

Back 20

the process that reduces by half the amount of DNA present in each sperm or egg cell

Front 21

flagellum

Back 21

a whip-like structure that some cells use to propel themselves through their environment; think of a flag on a flag pole-FLAGellum

Front 22

replication

Back 22

the DNA copying process

Front 23

when cells work together they form a _______

Back 23

tissue

Front 24

when tissues work together they form an _________

Back 24

organ

Front 25

active transport

Back 25

requires energy

Front 26

passive transport

Back 26

does not require energy

Front 27

Guard cells

Back 27

surround the stomata. they open and close it to allow CO2 in and out

Front 28

Chloroplast

Back 28

in the leaves use the sunlight's energy to break down water molecules and combine it with CO2. they can do this thanks to chlorophyll, which is a catalyst that starts photosynthesis. this combination results in oygen(which plants release) and glucose, which the plant uses as food.

Front 29

starch

Back 29

extra glucose stored in the stem

Front 30

chlorophyll makes plants_________

Back 30

green

Front 31

catalyst

Back 31

a chemical that causes or speeds up a reaction wihtout being used or changed in the reaction