Science Chapters 14&15

Front 1

Alimentary Canal

Back 1

a tube where different digestive organs are and where digestion takes place.

Front 2

Assimilation

Back 2

the process where nutrients power cellular respiration to make new cells and other structures.

Front 3

Absorbtion

Back 3

When your body begins to take in nutrients.

Front 4

Saliva

Back 4

a fluid produced by salivary glands that begins chemical digestion.

Front 5

Bolus

Back 5

After food has been chewed and swallowed.

Front 6

Esophagus

Back 6

muscles in your throat that contract and relax to move food. This is called peristalsis.

Front 7

Sphincters

Back 7

they keep food in your stomach and regulate the amount of food that goes out.

Front 8

Chyme

Back 8

a pasty substance from food that is ground until it becomes pasty.

Front 9

Duodenum

Back 9

chyme gets broken down further in the small intestine.

Front 10

villi

Back 10

microscopic, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients.

Front 11

Gallbladder

Back 11

This organ stores bile after the liver produced it.

Front 12

Pancreas

Back 12

produces more digestive enzymes than any other digestive organ

Front 13

Kidney

Back 13

filters out you urea. each have 1 million nephrons.

Front 14

(Zac) Nephrons

Back 14

filter blood

Front 15

Liver

Back 15

performs over 100 functions for the body. 1 function is it produces bile.

Front 16

Colon

Back 16

absorbs water and minerals from indigested food.

Front 17

Rectum

Back 17

waste is eliminated

Front 18

Urethra

Back 18

urine leaves the body through a tiny muscular tube.

Front 19

Ureters

Back 19

two tiny tubes that use peristalsis to moves urine to the bladder.

Front 20

Cellular Respiration

Back 20

when organisms break down molecules to produce ATP.

Front 21

Calories

Back 21

the energy your body takes in.

Front 22

Carbohydrates

Back 22

nutrients used to fuel cellular respiration. EX: breads, cereals, desserts, and starchy veggies

Front 23

Fats

Back 23

*Saturated fats-solid Unsaturated fats-liquid

to protect internal organs. EX:meat, dairy products, and eggs.

Front 24

Vitamins

Back 24

you need a small amount of each. EX: fruits, nuts, veggies, and dairy products.

Front 25

Minerals

Back 25

build certain structures:bones. EX: calcium and phosphate.

Front 26

Proteins

Back 26

are made of amino acids. EX: meat, eggs, nuts, and beans.

Front 27

How much water do you need to drink a day?

Back 27

half a gallon.

Front 28

Nasal Cavity

Back 28

air enters this when you take a breath and air is moistened and warmed up in this structure.

Front 29

Pharynx

Back 29

the second step is this structure. air enters the________ which connects the passages of your nose and mouth to the esophagus.

Front 30

Larynx

Back 30

a muscle and cartilage structure that prevents food from enterinf your trachea and contains your vocal cords.

Front 31

Trachea

Back 31

air passes through this structure and branches out into two smaller tubes.

Front 32

Bronchi

Back 32

two tiny tubes that bring air to each lung.

Front 33

Lungs

Back 33

the lungs are made of tiny sacs called alveoli.

Front 34

Alveoli

Back 34

this is where gas exchange takes place.

Front 35

Diaphragm

Back 35

an involuntary muscle that contracts and relaxes and is underneath the lungs to help you breathe.

Front 36

Atria

Back 36

blood enters the top two____.

Front 37

Ventricles

Back 37

more muscular. blood leaves through these.

Front 38

Heartbeat

Back 38

the sound is caused by different valves snapping shut.

Front 39

Blood Pressure

Back 39

the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of arteries.

Front 40

Arteries

Back 40

blood flows AWAY from the heart in the vessels.

Front 41

Veins

Back 41

blood flows TO the heart.

Front 42

Capillaries

Back 42

connects veins and arteries; smallest vessels.

Front 43

Hemoglobin

Back 43

molecule that binds to and carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Front 44

Red Blood Cells

Back 44

carry nutrients and oxygen to parts of the body and does not have a nucleus because they are created by bone marrow.

Front 45

White Blood Cells

Back 45

they fight back bacteria and viruses in the blood stream.

Front 46

Platelets(clots)

Back 46

if there is a cut in the skin, these clump together and form a______.

Front 47

Plasma

Back 47

transports nutrients, minerals, proteins, hormones, and other substances. mostly made out of water.

Front 48

Bloodletting

Back 48

removing blood because fever, headache, and acne.

Front 49

Phlebotomist

Back 49

a person trained to draw blood.

Front 50

Spleen

Back 50

recycles worn-out red blood cells and produces and stores certain white blood cells.

Front 51

Thymus

Back 51

shrinks in teen years. other white blood cells mature here.

Front 52

Enzymes

Back 52

break down bacteria before it can do any harm.

Front 53

Lymph Nodes

Back 53

bean shaped nodules containing white blood cells and filters them out.

Front 54

Friction Skin

Back 54

the special skin on the bottoms of your hands and feet.

Front 55

Fingerprint Patterns

Back 55

whirl, loop, arch

Front 56

Forensic Science

Back 56

the study of items related to legal proceedings. usually used as evidence in a trial.