Science Chapter 10 Study Guide

Front 1

Know the three reasons why scientist think whales may have evolved from land mammals.

Back 1

Whales breathe air, give birth to live young, and produce milk.

Front 2

Know how most fossils form.

Back 2

Most fossils form when a dead organism is covered by a layer of sediment.

Front 3

Know how scientists use the fossil record.

Back 3

Scientists can learn about the history of life on Earth.

Front 4

Be able to interpret/read a branching diagram.

Back 4

A branching diagram is a tool that scientists use to show the relationship between the species.

Front 5

Know what Charles Darwin's role was on the Beagle, what he observed on Gallapagos Islands, and what he learned from these observations.

Back 5

Darwin's role on the Beagle was to be the naturalist. He observed that the plants and animals were like those in Ecuador, but not identical. He concluded that the organisms must have originated on the mainland and come to the islands through storms. His observations helped him for a theory about evolution.

Front 6

Know what selective breeding is is and be able to recognize an example of it.

Back 6

Selective breeding is the practice by which humans select plants or animals for breeding based on desired traits.

Front 7

Be able to explain each of the four pieces of evidence scientists use to determine evolutionary relationships.

Back 7

CHECK WITH MRS. SANTAROSA ON THIS ONE.
Scientists use geology, fossils, comparative anatomy

Front 8

Be able to explain the four parts of natural selection.

Back 8

Overproduction, inherited variation, competition successful reproduction.

Front 9

Know what causes variation in a species.

Back 9

Variation happens as genetic information is passed from parent to offspring.

Front 10

Know how natural selection can lead to evolution.

Back 10

Natural selection is the mechanism, or process by which organisms are better adapted to their environment and survive and reproduce more successfully than less well-adapted organisms do.

Front 11

Know what environmental factors increase the chances of a species going extinct.

Back 11

Increased competition, new predators, loss of habitat increase the chances of extinction.

Front 12

Be able to describe the three steps that lead to speciation and be able to provide an example of how speciation could occur.

Back 12

The three steps that lead to speciation are: separation, adaptation, and reproductive isolation. A group of black squirrels gets separated from the rest when a lake forms. By natural selection, the black squirrels develop different sets of traits as a result of adaptation. They are now very different from the other group and they can't interbreed anymore.

Front 13

Be able to explain why populations with a high genetic variations adapt better to environmental changes than populations with low genetic variation.

Back 13

Populations with a low genetic variation are less likely than populations that have a high genetic variation to adapt to changes to their environmental which will allow them to survive.