Chapter 10 And 11 Evolution

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

Front 2

Species

Back 2

Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed.

Front 3

Fossil

Back 3

Trace of an organism from the past.

Front 4

Variation

Back 4

Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs.

Front 5

Adapatation

Back 5

An inherited trait that is selected over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment.

Front 6

Artificial Selection

Back 6

Process by which humans modify a species by breeding for its certain traits.

Front 7

Natural Selection

Back 7

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited good adaptation make offspring a lot and quickly.

Front 8

Adaptive Radiation

Back 8

Process by which which one species evolves and gives rise to many descendant species that occupy different ecological niches.

Front 9

Population

Back 9

Number of all of the same organisms in the same location.

Front 10

Fittness

Back 10

The measure of an organism's ability to survive and produce offspring.

Front 11

Homologous Structures

Back 11

Body parts that do the same thing, but have different ways of working on different organisms.

Example: Bee and Bat wings

Front 12

Vestigal Structures:

Back 12

Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier species.

Example: Ostrich wings, human tail bone, human appendix

Front 13

Analogous Structure

Back 13

Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism.

Example: Chimps and humans eyeballs.

Front 14

Extinction

Back 14

When an organism no longer exists.

Front 15

Different Ways of Evidence For Evolution

Back 15

Anatomy

Molecular Biology

Palentology

Front 16

Gene Pool

Back 16

Collection of alleles found in all of the individuals of a population.

Front 17

Allele Frequency

Back 17

Proportion of one allele, compare with all the alleles for that trait, in the gene pool.

Front 18

Normal Distribution

Back 18

Distribution in a population in which allele frequency is highest near mean value.

Front 19

Directional Selection

Back 19

Pathway of natural selection in which 2 opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over more common phenotypes.

Front 20

Disruptive Selection

Back 20

Pathway of natural selection, in which 2 opposite, but equally common, phenotypes are selected over most common phenotypes.

Front 21

Stabilizing Selection

Back 21

Pathway of natural selection where intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes at both extremes.

Front 22

Handy Weinberg Equilibrium

Back 22

Where a population allele frequencies do not change in generations.

Front 23

Reproductive Isolation:

Back 23

Members of isolated populations are either no longer to mate or make good offspring.

Front 24

Speciation

Back 24

Evolution of 2 or more species from one ancestral species.

Front 25

Behavioral Isolation

Back 25

Occurs when members of different populations no longer mate successfully without one another.

Front 26

Geographic Isolation

Back 26

Involves physical barriers that divide population into 2 or more groups.

Front 27

Temporal Isolation

Back 27

Exists when timing prevents reproduction between population.

Front 28

5 Ways To Maintain Genetic Equilibrium

Back 28

1. Large Population

2. Random Mating

3. No Mutation

4. No Migration

5. No Natural Selection

Front 29

Bottleneck Effect:

Back 29

Genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of the population.